原文
博罗翟先生宗鲁，字一东，砥砺节行，居处必恭，行必古礼之循，来学日众。于堂下置茅蕝三，一收放心，在两阶间，来者居之旬日，放心收矣。乃升堂，一有过，在西阶下，一改过，在东阶下，知改移之东，能改复升堂，学者遵教惟谨。
白话
中文
博罗县的翟宗鲁先生，字一东，他磨砺自己的品德节操，日常起居必定恭敬有礼，行为举止一定遵循古代礼仪的规范，前来向他学习的人一天比一天多。他在厅堂下面设置了三个茅草编织的坐垫（或跪垫）：一个用来收束涣散的心神，放置在厅堂两边台阶之间，刚来的学生先在这里待上十天，等心神安定下来后，才能进入厅堂学习；一个代表“有过失”，放置在西边台阶下；另一个代表“改正过失”，放置在东边台阶下。学生如果有过失，就要到西阶下的垫子上反省；认识到需要改正并移到东阶下的垫子上努力改正后，如果能够真正改正，就可以重新回到厅堂学习。学生们都非常谨慎地遵守他的教导。
英文
Mr. Zhai Zonglu from Boluo County, courtesy name Yidong, diligently cultivated his moral integrity and conduct. His daily life was invariably respectful, and his actions always followed the norms of ancient rituals. The number of students coming to learn from him grew daily. He placed three thatched mats (or cushions) below the main hall: one, located between the two sets of steps leading up to the hall, was for "gathering the wandering mind." Newcomers would stay there for ten days until their minds settled, after which they could enter the hall for instruction. Another mat, representing "having faults," was placed below the west steps. The third, representing "correcting faults," was placed below the east steps. If a student committed a fault, they had to go to the mat below the west steps to reflect. Once they recognized the need for correction and moved to the mat below the east steps to work on improving, they could return to the main hall for study only after successfully correcting their fault. The students meticulously adhered to his teachings.
文化解读/分析
此条目介绍了清初广东博罗县一位名叫翟宗鲁（字一东）的先生及其独特的教育方法。翟先生以其严谨的个人修养（“砥砺节行，居处必恭，行必古礼之循”）吸引了众多学生。
其教育方法的核心在于通过设置三个具有象征意义的“茅蕝”（茅草垫）来引导学生进行循序渐进的自我修养：
- 收放心 (Gathering the wandering mind): 这是入门的第一步，强调学习前必须先静心、专注，对应儒家修身养性中“存心”、“主敬”的要求。地点设在堂下阶间，象征着正式学习前的准备阶段。
- 有过 (Acknowledging faults): 将犯错的学生安置在西阶下，使其公开面对自己的过失并进行反省。西边在中国传统方位观念中有时与刑罚、反省相关。
- 改过 (Correcting faults): 当学生认识到错误并决心改正时，移至东阶下。东边常与生机、更新相关，象征着改过自新的过程。成功改正后方能“复升堂”，回到正式学习的行列。
这种方法将抽象的道德修养过程（收心-知过-改过）具象化、仪式化，通过空间位置的变化来标记学生的修养状态，具有很强的实践性和象征性。它体现了传统儒家教育不仅注重知识传授，更强调道德品行的塑造和“知行合一”的理念。翟先生的教学实践，为我们了解明清时期地方基层教育中具体的、带有行为矫正色彩的教学手段提供了一个生动的案例，反映了当时社会对道德教化的重视。
关键词
翟宗鲁, 翟一东, 博罗, 广东新语, 屈大均, 教育方法, 教学实践, 茅蕝, 收放心, 有过, 改过, 儒家教育, 道德修养, 自我修养, 知行合一, 古代礼仪, 岭南文化, 清初教育