原文

飓风神

　　粤在离方，飓者，离风之郁而不得出，火气暴发而为灾患者也。粤岁有飓，多从琼、雷而起。离之极方也，故琼、雷皆有飓风祠。其神飓母，有司以端午日祭，行通献礼，诚畏之也。飓者具也，飓一起，则东西南北之风皆具而合为一风，故曰飓也。曰母者，以飓能生四方之风而为四方之风之母，分其一方之风，可以为一大风，故曰母也。又巽为风，乾之长女主之，雷以复万物之性，有父之道，故曰公。风以复万物之命，有母之道，故曰母也。大风为母，而微风则曰少男少女也。起于泽为少女风，起于山为少男风，而皆以飓为之母。又巽为风主，巽者月与水之本，月与水皆生于风，故曰母。或曰：飓母即孟婆，春夏间有晕如半虹是也。此盖以虹为飓母也，然婆即母也。

　　天地之神莫大乎雷、风，雷、风者所以生日月者也。事雷之神，所以事日，事风之神，所以事月。而雷之神在雷州，风之神在琼州，以二州南之极也。南之极其地最下，雷生于地之最下而风从之，故雷与风之神在焉。

白话

中文

广东地处南方（八卦中的离位）。所谓飓风，是南方的风（离风）郁结无法散发，如同火气猛烈爆发而形成的灾害。广东每年都有飓风，大多从琼州（今海南）、雷州一带生成。因为琼州、雷州是南方最南端的地方，所以两地都有飓风祠。所祭祀的神称为“飓母”，官府在端午节这天举行祭祀，行通献礼（古代祭祀仪式之一），这实在是因为畏惧它。所谓“飓”，就是“具”（齐备）的意思。飓风一来，东西南北各个方向的风都汇集在一起，合为一股强大的风，所以叫做“飓”。称之为“母”，是因为飓风能生出四方的风，是四方风的母体；即使分出其中一个方向的风，也可以成为一股大风，所以称之为“母”。另外，从《易经》来看，巽卦代表风，由乾卦的长女（象征阴柔）所主宰。雷能恢复万物的本性，有如父亲之道，所以（雷神）称为“公”。风能恢复万物的生命，有如母亲之道，所以（风神）称为“母”。大风是“母”，微风则称为“少男少女”。从水泽上刮起的风叫“少女风”，从山峦间刮起的风叫“少男风”，它们都以飓风为母体。再者，巽卦主宰风，巽是月亮和水的本源，月亮和水都由风而生，所以称风为“母”。也有人说：飓母就是孟婆（传说中冥府的神），春夏时节空中出现像半道彩虹那样的云晕就是她的象征。这大概是把虹霓当作飓母了，不过“婆”也就是“母”的意思。

天地间的神灵没有比雷和风更强大的了，雷和风是产生日月的原因。祭祀雷神，就是为了祭祀太阳；祭祀风神，就是为了祭祀月亮。雷神在雷州，风神在琼州，因为这两个州位于最南方。最南方的地方地势最低下，雷从最低下的地方产生，风也随之而起，所以雷神和风神都在那里。

英文

Guangdong is located in the south (the Li position in the Bagua). The so-called hurricane (Ju Feng) is a disaster formed when the southern wind (Li Feng) becomes stagnant and cannot dissipate, erupting violently like fire energy (Huo Qi). Guangdong experiences hurricanes annually, mostly originating from Qiongzhou (present-day Hainan) and Leizhou. Because Qiongzhou and Leizhou are the southernmost regions, both places have temples dedicated to the hurricane. The deity worshipped is called "Ju Mu" (Hurricane Mother). Officials conduct sacrifices on the Dragon Boat Festival, performing the Tongxian ritual (an ancient sacrificial ceremony), truly out of awe for it. The character "Ju" (飓) means "Ju" (具, meaning complete or gathered). When a hurricane arrives, winds from the east, west, south, and north all gather together, merging into one powerful wind, hence it is called "Ju". It is called "Mu" (Mother) because the hurricane can generate winds from all four directions and is the mother of these winds; even a portion of its wind can become a great wind, thus it is called "Mother". Furthermore, according to the I Ching, the Xun hexagram represents wind, governed by the eldest daughter of the Qian hexagram (symbolizing Yin and gentleness). Thunder restores the inherent nature of all things, embodying the way of the father, hence (the Thunder God) is called "Gong" (Duke/Father). Wind restores the life of all things, embodying the way of the mother, hence (the Wind God) is called "Mu" (Mother). A great wind is the "Mother," while gentle breezes are called "young boys and young girls." Wind blowing from marshes is called "young girl wind," and wind blowing from mountains is called "young boy wind," both originating from the hurricane as their mother. Moreover, the Xun hexagram governs wind; Xun is the origin of the moon and water, both of which are born from wind, hence wind is called "Mother." Some also say that Ju Mu is Meng Po (a deity in the underworld in legend), and the halo resembling a half-rainbow appearing in the sky during spring and summer is her symbol. This likely regards the rainbow as the Hurricane Mother, but "Po" (old woman) also means "Mu" (mother).

Among the spirits of Heaven and Earth, none are more powerful than Thunder and Wind. Thunder and Wind are the reason for the existence of the sun and moon. To worship the God of Thunder is to worship the sun; to worship the God of Wind is to worship the moon. The God of Thunder resides in Leizhou, and the God of Wind resides in Qiongzhou, because these two prefectures are located in the extreme south. The land in the extreme south is the lowest; thunder originates from the lowest land, and wind follows it, hence the Gods of Thunder and Wind reside there.

文化解读/分析

此条目体现了清初学者屈大均对广东地区飓风这一自然现象的认识与解释，融合了地方经验、阴阳五行观念及《易经》理论。

1. 自然灾害的神格化：将破坏力巨大的飓风人格化为“飓母”，设立祠庙祭祀，反映了古人面对无法掌控的自然力量时的敬畏心理，以及通过祭祀祈求平安的民俗信仰。端午节祭祀飓母，可能与此时节气转换、风雨增多有关。
2. 命名与象征：“飓”字被解释为“具”，指代其汇集四方之风的特性。“母”的称谓则基于其“生”风的能力，并与《易经》中巽卦（风）属阴（长女）、有“母之道”相联系，赋予飓风创生与孕育的象征意义。这种将自然现象纳入既有哲学体系进行阐释的方法，是中国传统文化的重要特征。
3. 地方知识与宇宙观：屈大均将飓风的起源地（琼州、雷州）与地理方位（南方离位）、地势（最低下）联系起来，并认为雷、风是产生日月的根本力量，将地方性的风神、雷神信仰提升到宇宙论的高度，体现了天人感应、地理环境决定论的观念。
4. 民间信仰的融合：提及“飓母即孟婆”的说法，并将虹晕视为其象征，展示了民间信仰中不同神祇形象可能发生的融合与流变。尽管屈大均对此持分析态度（“此盖以虹为飓母也”），但也记录了这一说法，保留了地方民俗信仰的多样性。

总而言之，“飓风神”条目不仅是对一种自然现象的记录，更是对岭南地区特定民俗信仰、宇宙观念、哲学思想以及文字训诂的综合呈现，具有重要的民俗学和文化史研究价值。

关键词

飓风神, 飓母, 屈大均, 广东新语, 清代, 民俗, 神话, 信仰, 自然灾害, 琼州, 雷州, 端午节, 易经, 阴阳五行, 雷神, 孟婆, 风神, 岭南文化