将失落的广东地方民俗文化重新带入大众视野

绿郎

原文

绿郎

  广州女子年及笄,多有犯绿郎以死者,以师巫茅山法治之,多不效。盖由嫁失其时,情Q欲Y所感,致为鬼神侵侮。睽之象,兑女泽动而下,则见有豕负涂。离女火动而上,则见有鬼一车,此其征也。绿郎者,车中之鬼也。未得夫而张之弧,已得夫而说之弧。夫者雨也,遇雨则吉矣。又广州男子未娶,亦多有犯红娘以死。谚曰:"女忌绿郎,男忌红娘。"皆谓命带绿郎红娘者可治,出门而与绿郎红娘遇者不可治,此甚妄也。咸之象,二少憧憧,则朋从其思。少女之思往,则绿郎之朋来,少男之思往,则红娘之朋来,皆婚姻不及其时所致。绿郎一曰过天绿郎,亦曰驸马。

白话

中文

绿郎

  广州地区的女子到了十五岁左右(及笄之年),常常有因为冲犯了“绿郎”而死的。即使请巫师用茅山道术来驱治,也大多没有效果。这大概是因为错过了合适的婚嫁年龄,情欲受到感发,导致被鬼神侵扰欺侮。《易经》睽卦的卦象,下卦为兑(象征少女、泽),泽水向下流动,就会看见猪背负污泥(象征陷入困境);上卦为离(象征中女、火),火焰向上跳动,就会看见一整车的鬼(象征遭遇邪祟)。这就是(犯绿郎的)征兆。所谓的“绿郎”,就是那车中的鬼。女子未嫁时如同拉满的弓(情欲紧张),嫁人后如同松开的弓(情欲得到满足)。“夫”(丈夫)也象征“雨”(滋润),遇到“雨”就吉祥了。另外,广州地区的男子没有娶妻的,也常常有因为冲犯了“红娘”而死的。谚语说:“女子忌讳绿郎,男子忌讳红娘。”人们都说,如果是命中注定带有绿郎或红娘煞气的还可以医治,如果是在外面偶然遇上绿郎或红娘的就无法医治了,这种说法非常荒谬。《易经》咸卦的卦象,象征少男少女互相爱慕、心意相通(二少憧憧),意念所向就会招来同伴(朋从其思)。少女思念(男子),就会招来绿郎这类鬼怪;少男思念(女子),就会招来红娘这类鬼怪。这都是因为没有在合适的年龄结婚所导致的。绿郎又叫“过天绿郎”,也叫“驸马”。

英文

Green Lad (Lulang)

  Among young women in Guangzhou who have reached marriageable age (around fifteen), many die from offending the "Green Lad." Even when shamans employ Maoshan techniques to treat them, it is often ineffective. This is likely because they missed the proper time for marriage, and their emotional and sexual desires (qingyu) are aroused, making them vulnerable to violation by ghosts and spirits. According to the symbolism of the Kui hexagram in the I Ching: the lower trigram Dui (symbolizing the youngest daughter, marsh) shows the marsh water moving downward, leading to the sight of "a pig carrying mud" (symbolizing being mired); the upper trigram Li (symbolizing the middle daughter, fire) shows fire flaring upward, leading to the sight of "a cartload of ghosts" (symbolizing encountering evil). These are the signs (of offending the Green Lad). The so-called "Green Lad" is the ghost within that cart. Before a woman marries, it is like a drawn bow (sexual tension); after marriage, it is like a released bow (desires fulfilled). The husband ("fu") also symbolizes rain ("yu," signifying nourishment); encountering "rain" brings good fortune. Furthermore, unmarried men in Guangzhou also frequently die from offending the "Red Maiden" (Hongniang). A proverb says: "Women beware the Green Lad, men beware the Red Maiden." It is commonly said that if one's fate inherently carries the influence of the Green Lad or Red Maiden, it can be treated; however, if one encounters them by chance outside, it is untreatable. This notion is quite absurd. According to the symbolism of the Xian hexagram in the I Ching, the mutual attraction and thoughts between a young man and woman ("two youths stirred, companions follow their thoughts") mean that when a young woman's thoughts go out (to a man), companions like the Green Lad are drawn to her; when a young man's thoughts go out (to a woman), companions like the Red Maiden are drawn to him. These phenomena are all caused by not marrying at the appropriate time. The Green Lad is also called "Guotian Lulang" (Green Lad Passing Through Heaven?) and also "Fuma" (Imperial Son-in-Law).

文化解读/分析

此条目记录了清代广州地区一种独特的、与性别和婚姻状况相关的灵异致死现象——“犯绿郎”(女性)与“犯红娘”(男性),具有重要的民俗学和文化心理学价值。

  1. 性压抑与鬼神侵扰观念:作者明确将“犯绿郎/红娘”归因于“嫁娶失时”导致的“情欲所感”,认为未满足的生理和情感需求使年轻人容易受到鬼神的侵害。这反映了传统社会对于性压抑可能引发身心问题的朴素认知,并将其纳入鬼神信仰的框架来解释。这种观念将社会规范(按时婚嫁)的失调与超自然力量的介入联系起来。
  2. 性别化的鬼魅:“绿郎”针对女性,“红娘”针对男性,这种性别化的设定可能源于异性相吸的自然法则在鬼神世界的投射,即未婚女性易被男鬼纠缠,未婚男性易被女鬼迷惑。名称本身(绿郎、红娘)也可能蕴含象征意义,需结合地方色彩文化进一步探究。
  3. 精英文化对民间信仰的诠释与批判:屈大均运用《易经》的睽卦和咸卦来解释这一现象,试图将其纳入儒家/道家哲学体系,赋予其理论依据。例如,他将睽卦中“豕负涂”、“鬼一车”的意象直接对应“犯绿郎”的征兆,将咸卦“二少憧憧,朋从其思”解释为思念异性招致鬼魅。这体现了士人阶层试图理解、阐释甚至“合理化”民间信仰的努力。同时,他对民间区分“命带”与“出门遇”的说法斥之为“甚妄”,显示了其理性批判精神,不完全认同所有民间俗信。
  4. 茅山法术与地方信仰:提及使用茅山法治疗无效,暗示了此种“病症”的棘手性,也反映了茅山术在当时广东地区作为一种驱邪治病手段的存在。
  5. “驸马”别称的含义:“绿郎”又称“驸马”(帝王女婿),这一别称极具暗示性。它可能意味着这种男鬼被想象为具有某种高贵身份,其对未婚女子的“侵扰”带有一种强迫结合或幽冥婚姻的色彩,增加了事件的诡异和恐怖感。
    总之,该条目不仅记录了一种奇特的民间信仰和死亡观念,更揭示了传统社会关于婚姻、性、性别与超自然力量之间复杂关系的认知模式,以及精英文化与民间信仰互动的一个侧面。

关键词

绿郎、红娘、犯绿郎、犯红娘、广州、广东新语、屈大均、民间信仰、鬼神、性压抑、婚姻、及笄、易经、睽卦、咸卦、茅山法、巫术、驸马、过天绿郎、灵异

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