原文

粤无冰，其民罕知有南风合冰、东风解冻之说。岁有微霜，则百物蕃盛。谚曰：“勤下粪，不如早犁田。”言打霜也。冰生于霜，粤无冰，以无霜也。故语曰：“岭南无地著秋霜。”又曰：“天蛮不落雪。”即或有微冰，辄以为雪，或有微雪，以为冰。人至白首有冰雪不能辨者。大抵阳火之气下积阴水之气上凝则为冰。岭之南，阳生多而阴杀少，火畜于地而水不敛于天。天之水尝融，地之火尝结，故隆冬之候，泽腹不坚，间有薄冰，亦不崇朝而释，故其人辄不识冰也。冰者霜之终，霜者冰之始。凡九月而阳未尽，则霜不严。十二月而阴未纯，则冰不厚。岭南地暖，阴道不凝，故或以露始，而不以霜终。或以霜始，而不以冰终。坤道之驯，至于寒极而战，未尽与大《易》准也。或极寒亦有微霰，然未至地已复为雨矣。少陵云：“南雪不到地。”是矣。

白话

中文

广东地区没有冰，所以当地百姓很少知道“南风成冰，东风解冻”的说法。如果某年有轻微的霜降，各种作物反而能生长茂盛。有句农谚说：“勤施粪肥不如早点犁地。”指的就是经历霜降后的情况。冰是由霜凝结而成的，广东没有冰，是因为（通常）没有能结冰的霜。所以有俗语说：“岭南地区连秋霜也难以附着。”又说：“南方‘蛮’地不下雪。”即使偶尔有微小的冰，人们往往误以为是雪；或者有微小的雪，又误以为是冰。有些人活到老都分不清冰和雪。大体上说，阳性的火气在下方积聚、阴性的水气在上方凝结就会形成冰。但在岭南地区，阳气生发多而阴气肃杀少，火气储藏在地下而水气不能在天空收敛凝聚。天上的水汽常常是融化的状态，地下的火气常常是郁结的，因此即使在隆冬时节，水泽的表面也不会冻结坚固，偶尔有薄冰出现，也等不到一个早上就会融化，所以当地人常常不认识冰。冰是霜的最终形态，霜是冰的开始。通常来说，如果九月时阳气还没有完全退去，霜就不会严重；十二月时阴气还不够纯粹（寒冷），冰就不会厚实。岭南地区气候温暖，阴寒之气不能凝固，所以（水汽的变化）有时从露水开始，但不会以霜结束；或者从霜开始，但不会以冰结束。这种坤（地）道柔顺（温暖）以至于到了极寒时节也只是微微战动（不够寒冷）的情况，与《易经》中描述的普遍规律（寒极成冰）并不完全符合。有时极度寒冷时也会有微小的冰粒（霰），但还没落到地面就已经变回雨水了。杜甫（少陵）曾说：“南方的雪落不到地面。”确实是这样啊。

英文

Guangdong has no ice, so its people rarely know the saying "south wind forms ice, east wind thaws it." If there is light frost in a year, various crops tend to flourish. There is a farming proverb: "Applying manure diligently is not as good as plowing the field early," which refers to the situation after a frost. Ice is formed from frost; Guangdong has no ice because it (usually) lacks the kind of frost needed for ice formation. Thus, a common saying goes: "In Lingnan, even autumn frost struggles to settle." Another says: "The southern 'barbarian' lands do not get snow." Even if there is occasional slight ice, people often mistake it for snow; or if there is slight snow, they mistake it for ice. Some people live to old age without being able to distinguish between ice and snow. Generally speaking, ice forms when the Yang (fire) energy accumulates below and the Yin (water) energy congeals above. However, in the Lingnan region, Yang energy generation is abundant while Yin energy's killing (cold) effect is scarce. Fire energy is stored in the earth, and water vapor cannot easily condense in the sky. The water in the sky tends to be in a melted state, and the fire in the earth tends to be consolidated. Therefore, even in the depths of winter, the surfaces of marshes do not freeze solid. Occasionally, thin ice might appear, but it melts before the morning is over. Consequently, the local people often do not recognize ice. Ice is the final stage of frost; frost is the beginning of ice. Generally, if Yang energy has not fully receded by the ninth lunar month, the frost will not be severe; if Yin energy is not pure (intensely cold) by the twelfth lunar month, the ice will not be thick. The Lingnan region is warm, and the way of Yin (coldness) does not solidify. Therefore, (the transformation of water vapor) sometimes begins as dew but does not end as frost; or it begins as frost but does not end as ice. This situation, where the yielding nature of Kun (Earth) (warmth) means that even in extreme cold it merely trembles slightly (is not cold enough), does not fully align with the universal principles described in the I Ching (where extreme cold leads to solid ice). Sometimes, during extreme cold, there might be slight sleet (graupel), but it turns back into rain before reaching the ground. Du Fu (Shaoling) once said: "Southern snow does not reach the ground." This is indeed correct.

文化解读/分析

本条目记述了清初广东地区（岭南）罕见冰雪的自然现象及其对当地居民认知的影响。屈大均首先指出广东“无冰”的普遍情况，以及当地人对与冰雪相关的时令、谚语（如“南风合冰”）的陌生感。这反映了地域气候差异造成的知识隔阂。

有趣的是，文中提到“岁有微霜，则百物蕃盛”以及相关农谚，暗示了当地人对“霜”这一相对少见现象的独特理解——轻微的霜冻可能有利于农业（例如杀死害虫或改善土壤），这与北方视霜冻为灾害的普遍看法形成对比。

作者运用了中国传统的阴阳五行学说来解释岭南气候温暖、难凝冰雪的原因，认为是“阳生多而阴杀少”、“火畜于地而水不敛于天”的结果。这体现了传统知识体系如何被用来理解和阐释地方性的自然现象，同时也指出了岭南气候的特殊性，甚至认为其“未尽与大《易》准也”，即不完全符合《易经》所描述的普遍寒凝规律。

文中描述当地人“冰雪不辨”的现象，生动地展示了环境对人类认知习惯的塑造作用。由于缺乏对冰雪的日常经验，人们难以区分这两种在寒冷地区常见的物象。

最后，引用杜甫“南雪不到地”的诗句，既印证了作者的观察，也体现了文人将地方性知识与经典文学联系起来的写作特点。此条目不仅是关于气候现象的记录，更是岭南地方知识、民俗观念（或缺乏某种观念）以及传统宇宙观相互作用的体现，具有重要的民俗学和文化地理学价值。

关键词

冰, 霜, 雪, 广东, 岭南, 气候, 屈大均, 广东新语, 民俗, 谚语, 阴阳, 杜甫