原文

永安黄氏三孝子者，父曰黄让，子曰启愚，曰启鲁，永安县琴江中镇社人也。让字逊斋，年十六，父母连没，让庐墓三载。其兄为贼所得，让罄私橐三百金赎之。未几，贼叶千复掘让父母冢，质其骨，责赎千金。让不能措，乃不告妻子，身自质贼，易其亲骨，使从者怀归。子启愚、启鲁闻之，哭不自胜，假贷亲友无所得。启鲁乃走贼壁，呼曰：吾家所有者田耳，非家长操书券，田不得鬻，愿质我而归父。贼然之，归让。让间行，又为他贼黄允所执，叶千以让久不至，乃以绳贯启鲁鼻，又贯其踵倒悬之。启愚闻其事，哭尽出血，昼夜不绝声。诸垒贼哀之，卒归其父与弟。于是让以策干督府吴桂芳，谓归善之古名，长乐之琴让，其地阨塞，多连峰沓嶂，凶人之穴也。去其县各二百余里，贼一哨，民无所归命，不如遂县之，以安集其民，然后出兵四讨，贼不足除也。桂芳以为然，遂上其事，其后卒县永安者，让之策也。隆庆四年，檄林天赐城永安，以让为巡方，让以军法部勒其傭，均劳逸，时糇粮，平板干，称畚筑，四阅月而毕，藩臬大夫旌其功者再。是年，率子启愚、启鲁为知县陈哲将乡兵，攻破刘汉江贼，杀汉江。明年，破苏允山贼，生擒允山，启愚为贼所伤死。又明年，督府殷正茂大举讨贼，让散家财，募死士百人，从监军道顾养谦为冲锋把总，与永安知县陈立中至各巢说贼，各以精锐相从。至南岭，贼江万松据险抗师七日，让说之，以身质于贼，诱出贼党，官兵遂乘间而入。启鲁以父在贼中，率所募壮士，大呼先登，贼尽披靡，斩十七级，夺让归，启鲁身被数创而死。让前后率兵剿贼，如泥山、帘紫嶂、施坑、南岭等巢，皆为所破，凡斩渠六首，生擒一百五十，贼帅二，说下贼巢四，降贼众一千七百四十八，还被俘者一百二十八。当事屡加厚赏。让为人谦退，志在报发冢之仇，不在军功也。每有功，不肯自上，推与同事者，以冠带哨官终。久之，巡按御史有教，访孝节之士，邑人咸上言，御史异之，授以义民冠带。让辞曰："让遭不辰，祸及先人丘垄，破产赎骸，子职常事，何孝之足云。至于待罪行间，赖天子威灵，大将指麾，杀贼以雪家耻，不胜幸甚，敢言功绩乎。非分之荣，义不敢受。"卒不受冠带。御史益异之，记郡县礼奖。初启愚战死，知县陈哲葬而表之，及启鲁死。至万历十九年，邑人乃请于县，为启鲁建祠。让享年八十一，连举乡饮大宾，以考终。三十六年，有诏旌其闾，树坊于永安县，曰一门三孝。让工诗词，善书。

白话

中文

永安县黄氏有三位孝子，父亲叫黄让，儿子叫黄启愚、黄启鲁，是永安县琴江中镇社人。黄让字逊斋，十六岁时父母相继去世，黄让在父母墓旁搭草庐守孝三年。他的哥哥被盗贼抓走，黄让倾尽私囊拿出三百两银子赎回了他。没过多久，盗贼叶千又挖掘了黄让父母的坟墓，扣押着骸骨，勒索一千两银子作为赎金。黄让无法筹集到这笔钱，于是瞒着妻子儿女，亲自到盗贼那里去做人质，换回了父母的骸骨，让随从带回家。儿子黄启愚、黄启鲁得知此事，哭得无法控制，向亲戚朋友借钱也没有借到。黄启鲁于是跑到盗贼的营垒，大声喊道：“我家所有的财产只有田地，没有家长拿着地契文书，田地是不能卖的。愿意用我做人质换回父亲。”盗贼同意了，放回了黄让。黄让在秘密行走时，又被另一伙盗贼黄允抓住。叶千因为黄让很久没回来（赎人），就用绳子穿透黄启鲁的鼻子，又穿透他的脚跟，把他倒吊起来。黄启愚听到这件事，哭得眼中流血，日夜哭声不绝。各个山寨的盗贼都同情他，最终放回了他的父亲和弟弟。于是，黄让向总督吴桂芳献策，说归善县的古名、长乐县的琴让等地，地势险要，多是连绵的山峰叠嶂，是凶徒盘踞的巢穴。这些地方距离各自的县城都有二百多里远，盗贼一出来巡掠，百姓就无处求生，不如将这些地方单独设立一个县，用来安置和聚集那里的百姓，然后再出兵四面征讨，盗贼就不难清除了。吴桂芳认为他说得对，就向朝廷上报了这件事。后来最终设立永安县，就是采用了黄让的计策。隆庆四年（1570年），朝廷下令让林天赐修筑永安县城，任命黄让为巡方（负责巡视督导工程）。黄让用军法管理约束雇佣的工匠，使劳役平均，按时供给粮食，平整搬运板材，计量所用的土筐和筑具，经过四个月完工。布政使和按察使（藩臬大夫）两次表彰了他的功绩。这一年，他率领儿子黄启愚、黄启鲁，为知县陈哲带领乡兵，攻破了刘汉江的贼巢，杀死了刘汉江。第二年，攻破了苏允山的贼巢，活捉了苏允山，黄启愚在战斗中被贼人所伤牺牲。又过了一年，总督殷正茂大规模征讨盗贼，黄让散尽家财，招募了一百名敢死队员，跟随监军道顾养谦担任冲锋把总（一种低级武官）。他和永安知县陈立中到各个贼巢去劝降，（许多贼人）都率领精锐部下跟随他们。到了南岭，贼首江万松占据险要抵抗官军七天。黄让去劝说他，用自己做人质留在贼营中，诱使贼人出营，官兵于是趁机攻入。黄启鲁因为父亲在贼营中，率领招募的壮士，大喊着率先冲上，贼兵全被打散，斩杀了十七个敌人，将父亲黄让夺回，黄启鲁自己身受多处创伤牺牲。黄让前后率领军队剿灭盗贼，像泥山、帘紫嶂、施坑、南岭等贼巢，都被他攻破。总共斩杀了六名贼首，活捉了一百五十人，俘获了两个贼帅，劝降了四个贼巢，使一千七百四十八名贼众投降，救回被俘虏的百姓一百二十八人。主管官员多次给予他丰厚的奖赏。黄让为人谦虚退让，他的志向在于报复挖掘祖坟的仇恨，而不在于获取军功。每次立了功，都不肯自己上报，而是推荐给同僚。最终只担任了一个带冠饰的哨官。过了很久，巡按御史下令寻访有孝行节义的人士，县里的人都推举黄让。御史感到很惊异，授予他“义民冠带”（一种荣誉身份和待遇）。黄让推辞说：“我遭遇不幸，灾祸殃及先人的坟墓，倾家荡产赎回骸骨，这是做儿子的本分，平常事罢了，有什么孝行值得称道呢？至于在军中效力，是依靠天子的威望和将帅的指挥，杀贼来洗雪家族的耻辱，已经是万分幸运了，怎么敢谈论功绩呢？这不应得的荣誉，道义上不敢接受。”最终没有接受冠带。御史更加觉得他与众不同，在郡县的记录中予以表彰奖励。当初黄启愚战死，知县陈哲安葬了他并为他立了碑记。等到黄启鲁也牺牲了，到了万历十九年（1591年），县里的人向县衙请求，为黄启鲁修建了祠堂。黄让享年八十一岁，多次被推举为乡饮酒礼上的大宾，得以善终。万历三十六年（1608年），朝廷下诏表彰他家所在的里巷，在永安县城建立了牌坊，叫做“一门三孝”。黄让擅长诗词，书法也很好。

英文

In Yong'an County, there were three filial exemplars from the Huang family: the father, Huang Rang, and his sons, Huang Qiyu and Huang Qilu, natives of Qinjian Zhongzhen She in Yong'an County. Huang Rang (courtesy name Xunzhai) was sixteen when his parents passed away consecutively; he built a hut by their graves and mourned there for three years. His elder brother was captured by bandits, and Huang Rang emptied his private savings of three hundred taels of silver to ransom him. Not long after, the bandit Ye Qian excavated Huang Rang's parents' tomb, holding the bones hostage and demanding a ransom of one thousand taels. Unable to raise the sum, Huang Rang, without telling his wife and children, went to the bandits himself as a hostage to exchange for his parents' remains, having his attendant carry them home. When his sons Qiyu and Qilu learned of this, they wept uncontrollably and tried borrowing money from relatives and friends, but failed. Qilu then ran to the bandit stronghold, shouting: "All my family owns is land. Without the head of the household holding the deeds, the land cannot be sold. I am willing to be held hostage in exchange for my father." The bandits agreed and released Huang Rang. While traveling secretly, Huang Rang was captured again by another bandit, Huang Yun. Because Huang Rang did not return for a long time (to ransom Qilu), Ye Qian pierced Qilu's nose and heels with a rope and hung him upside down. When Qiyu heard about this, he cried until his eyes bled, weeping day and night without cease. Bandits from various strongholds took pity on him and finally released his father and brother. Consequently, Huang Rang proposed a strategy to Governor-General Wu Guifang, stating that areas like Guming in Guishan County and Qinjian in Changle County were strategically vital, full of continuous peaks and overlapping ranges, serving as lairs for criminals ("xiongren zhi xue"). These areas were over two hundred li from their respective county seats; when bandits raided, the populace had nowhere to turn for protection. It would be better, he argued, to establish a separate county there to settle and gather the people, and then dispatch troops to quell the bandits from all sides, making their eradication feasible. Wu Guifang agreed and reported the matter to the throne. The subsequent establishment of Yong'an County was based on Huang Rang's plan. In the fourth year of the Longqing reign (1570), Lin Tianci was ordered to build the Yong'an county wall, and Huang Rang was appointed as supervisor ("xunfang"). Huang Rang managed the hired laborers according to military law, ensuring fair distribution of work, timely provision of food, leveling transport boards, and measuring earth baskets and tampers. The work was completed in four months. Provincial administrative and surveillance commissioners (Fanshen Dafu) commended his achievements twice. That same year, leading his sons Qiyu and Qilu, he commanded the local militia ("xiangbing") for Magistrate Chen Zhe, defeated the bandit Liu Hanjiang, and killed him. The following year, they defeated the bandit Su Yunshan, capturing him alive; Qiyu died from wounds sustained in this battle. The year after that, Governor-General Yin Zhengmao launched a major campaign against the bandits. Huang Rang exhausted his family fortune to recruit one hundred desperadoes and served as a vanguard commander ("chongfeng bazong") under Military Superintendent Gu Yangqian. Together with Yong'an Magistrate Chen Lizhong, he went to various bandit lairs to persuade them to surrender, and many joined them with their elite forces. At Nanling, the bandit leader Jiang Wansong held a strategic position and resisted the army for seven days. Huang Rang went to persuade him, offering himself as a hostage within the bandit camp to lure out the bandits. Government troops then seized the opportunity to break in. Qilu, knowing his father was inside the enemy camp, led the recruited warriors, shouting loudly as he charged first. The bandits were completely routed. He killed seventeen enemies and rescued Huang Rang, but Qilu himself died from multiple wounds. Huang Rang repeatedly led troops to suppress bandits, destroying strongholds such as Nishan, Lianzi Zhang, Shikeng, and Nanling. In total, he beheaded six bandit chiefs, captured 150 bandits alive, took two bandit leaders prisoner, persuaded four strongholds to surrender, received the surrender of 1,748 bandits, and rescued 128 captives. The authorities repeatedly rewarded him generously. Huang Rang was modest and retiring; his ambition was to avenge the desecration of his ancestral tomb, not to gain military honors. Whenever he achieved merit, he refused to report it himself, instead recommending his colleagues. He ended his career as a low-ranking patrol officer with an honorary cap and sash ("guandai shaoguan"). A long time later, the Circuit Censor ("xun'an yushi") ordered a search for individuals of filial piety and integrity. The county residents all recommended Huang Rang. The Censor was greatly impressed and granted him the title and status of "Righteous Citizen with Cap and Sash" ("yimin guandai"). Huang Rang declined, saying: "I encountered misfortune that brought disaster upon my ancestors' graves. Bankrupting myself to ransom their remains is merely the ordinary duty of a son; what filial piety is there to speak of? As for serving in the army, it was thanks to the Emperor's majesty and the generals' command that I could kill bandits to avenge my family's shame. I am already extremely fortunate; how dare I speak of merit? This is undeserved honor, which I righteously cannot accept." He ultimately refused the honorary status. The Censor was even more impressed and recorded the commendation and reward in the prefectural and county records. Initially, when Qiyu died in battle, Magistrate Chen Zhe buried him and erected a memorial tablet. After Qilu also died, in the nineteenth year of the Wanli reign (1591), the county residents petitioned the county government to build a shrine for Qilu. Huang Rang lived to the age of eighty-one, was repeatedly honored as a distinguished elder ("xiangyin dabin") at village banquets, and died peacefully of old age ("kao zhong"). In the thirty-sixth year of Wanli (1608), an imperial edict honored his neighborhood, and an honorary gateway ("fang") was erected in Yong'an County, inscribed "Three Filial Exemplars from One Family." Huang Rang was skilled in poetry (shi and ci) and calligraphy.

文化解读/分析

本条目是《广东新语》中记载地方人物孝行与事迹的典型范例，具有重要的文化、历史和社会价值：

1. 极端孝行的集中体现：故事的核心是“孝”。黄让为父母庐墓三年、倾囊赎兄、不惜以身换回被盗掘的父母骸骨，其子启鲁效仿父亲以身质贼救父，启愚则“哭尽出血”。这些行为超越了一般意义上的孝顺，是儒家“孝”道伦理在极端环境下的极致表现，符合传统社会对“大孝”的推崇标准。
2. 乱世背景下的个人与家族悲剧：故事发生在盗贼横行（“永安诸盗”所述背景）的明末清初广东山区。盗贼不仅掠夺财物、掳掠人口，甚至做出“掘冢质骨”这种骇人听闻、严重挑战人伦底线的行为。黄氏一家的遭遇，是当时社会动荡、法纪废弛、民不聊生的缩影。两个儿子的先后战死，更凸显了在乱世中维护家族荣誉和参与地方事务所需付出的惨重代价。
3. 孝行与忠义的结合：黄让的行动并未止于个人和家庭层面。出于报“发冢之仇”的个人动机，他积极投身于平定地方盗匪的军事行动中。他不仅献策设立永安县以加强地方治理（体现其智谋），更散尽家财、招募乡勇、亲身犯险、屡立战功（体现其勇武和担当）。这种将家族仇恨升华为参与公共事务、维护地方安宁的行为，体现了传统“忠孝”观念的结合与延伸。
4. 官方表彰与民间推崇：黄氏父子的孝行和功绩得到了官方（督府、藩臬、知县、监军道、巡按御史、乃至朝廷）和民间（“诸垒贼哀之”、“邑人咸上言”、“邑人乃请于县为启鲁建祠”）的双重认可。从生前的物质奖赏、荣誉头衔（巡方、把总、义民冠带、乡饮大宾）到身后的立碑、建祠、乃至最高规格的“奉旨旌表”、“建坊”（一门三孝坊），构成了一个完整的官方与民间互动、共同塑造道德楷模的过程。这反映了“孝”作为核心价值观在维系社会秩序和获得政治合法性方面的重要性。
5. 人物品格与文人气质：尽管功勋卓著，黄让却表现出“谦退”、“不肯自上”、“推与同事者”、“辞受非分之荣”的高尚品格，强调其动机是“报发冢之仇”而非“军功”。这符合传统士人“功成不居”的理想形象。同时，记载他“工诗词，善书”，表明他并非一介武夫，而是具备文人修养的地方乡绅，使得其形象更为丰满。
6. 地方史与社会史资料：该条目为研究明清时期广东永安（紫金）地方历史、社会治安、宗族文化、地方武装（乡兵）、城市建设（筑城）、官员行为以及儒家伦理在地方的实践等提供了生动具体的个案。

总而言之，“永安黄氏三孝子”不仅是一个感人至深的孝义故事，更是一面折射明末清初特定地域社会状况、伦理观念、官民互动和个体命运的镜子，具有深刻的教化意义和丰富的史料价值。

关键词

黄氏三孝子, 黄让, 黄启愚, 黄启鲁, 永安, 紫金县, 广东, 孝道, 孝行, 儒家伦理, 盗贼, 山寇, 明末清初, 掘墓, 赎金, 人质, 乡兵, 地方 militia, 吴桂芳, 殷正茂, 永安建县, 旌表, 牌坊, 一门三孝, 忠孝, 地方史, 社会史, 屈大均, 广东新语