原文

崔清献公八辞参知政事，十三辞右丞相，家大酉书其集云：东海北海天下老，亦有盍归西伯时。白麻不能起南海，千载一人非公谁。文文山云：菊坡天人，文溪，菊坡样人，菊坡不可作已，愿见文溪。文溪云：唐贤相起炎方者三，曰韶之张，曰日南之姜，最后得刘瞻于湟，然皆奇拔于支郡。管府以广名甚大，山伟海巨，秀灵鸠凝，又迟三四百载，菊坡翁始名在白麻卧龙蒲涧之阿，勤天使走半万里莫能致。古未有命之相不屑者，高风全节，可以兴起百世矣。白沙尝迎清献画像于家，隅坐瞻仰，若弟子之于师者。久之为文以祭，有云：卷舒太空之云，表里秋潭之月，淮蜀委之而有余，凝丞尊之而不屑，故能效力于当年，而全身于晚节。又有句云：万里归心长短赋，九天辞表十三陈。盖实录也。吾广辞相位者，清献而后，有若霍公文敏，而梁文康公迎世宗入继大统，宠眷方隆，乞归益笃世宗以为兼有张九龄之忠荩，崔与之之风概。若文襄方公，年甫四十，即解相归卧西樵，是皆急流勇退之哲人也。泰泉云，吾广带海陆为郡，山奥川豁，古称珍饶，于卷握若别出堪舆然，故其民素乐清旷而恬仕进。噫嘻，岂清献之流风所被欤。

白话

中文

崔清献公（崔与之，谥号清献）曾八次辞谢担任参知政事（副宰相）的任命，十三次辞谢担任右丞相的任命。家大酉（学者名，待考）在他的文集中评论说：“东海（指伯夷）北海（指苏武），是天下的长者典范，也有像太公望那样最终归附周文王（西伯）的时候。但朝廷征召宰相的诏书（白麻）却无法请动这位南海（指崔与之）的高士，像这样千年难遇的人物，除了崔公还有谁呢？”文文山（文天祥）说：“菊坡（崔与之号）是天人一般的人物。文溪（刘辰翁号须溪，或指其人）是像菊坡一样的人物。既然菊坡先生已经不在了，我希望能见到文溪。”文溪（刘辰翁）说：“唐代从南方（炎方）兴起的贤相有三位，即韶州的张九龄，日南郡（今越南中部）的姜公辅，最后是在湟州（今青海）发现了刘瞻。但他们都出身于（相对中央而言的）边远支郡。广东（管府以广名）作为大的行政区域，山川雄伟，海洋浩瀚，钟灵毓秀，又过了三四百年，才出现了菊坡先生。他的名字出现在任命宰相的诏书上时，他却隐居在蒲涧（广州白云山地名）卧龙的角落里，勤勉的朝廷使者奔波数千里也无法请动他。自古以来没有被任命为宰相却不屑就任的人，他高尚的风格和完美的气节，足以激励百代后人。”白沙先生（陈献章）曾在家中供奉崔清献公的画像，自己则像弟子对待老师一样，恭敬地坐在角落里瞻仰。过了很久，他写了祭文，其中说道：“（您的气度）如同舒卷自如的太空浮云，（您的品格）如同清澈见底的秋水明月。把淮河、四川的重任托付给您都绰绰有余，但尊贵的丞相之位您却不屑一顾。因此您能在当年（出仕时）为国效力，又能（辞官后）在晚年保全名节。”祭文中还有这样的句子：“（表达）万里之外归隐心意的有《长短赋》，（呈给）皇帝的辞官奏章上陈了十三次。”这都是真实情况的记录。我们广东辞去宰相职位的人，在崔清献公之后，有霍韬（谥号文敏），还有梁储（谥号文康）。梁储在拥立明世宗继承皇位后，正当圣眷优隆之时，却更加坚决地请求辞官归乡。世宗皇帝认为他兼有张九龄的忠诚和崔与之的风范。还有方献夫（谥号文襄），年仅四十岁，就辞去宰相职务，归隐西樵山。这些都是能在权势顶峰时勇敢隐退的明哲之士。泰泉（林光）说：“我们广东地兼海陆，山岭深邃，河川开阔，自古号称物产珍奇富饶，在版图上好像是另外一个世界。所以这里的民众一向喜好清静旷达，对做官不太热衷。”唉，这难道不正是崔清献公遗留风范的影响吗？

英文

Duke Cui Qingxian (Cui Yuzhi, posthumously named Qingxian) declined the appointment as Vice Grand Councilor (Can Zhi Zheng Shi) eight times and declined the appointment as Right Grand Councilor (You Chengxiang) thirteen times. Jia Dayou (scholar's name, identification pending) commented in his collected works: "From the East Sea (referring to Bo Yi) to the North Sea (referring to Su Wu), there were elders revered throughout the realm; there was also a time when figures like Taigong Wang eventually submitted to the Lord of the West (King Wen of Zhou). But the imperial edict (Baima) appointing a chancellor could not entice this lofty scholar from Nanhai (referring to Cui Yuzhi). Who else but the Duke could be this once-in-a-millennium figure?" Wen Wenshan (Wen Tianxiang) said: "Jupo (Cui Yuzhi's style name) was like a celestial being. Wenxi (Liu Chenweng, styled Xuxi, or referring to him) is a person like Jupo. Since Master Jupo is no longer here, I wish to meet Wenxi." Wenxi (Liu Chenweng) said: "In the Tang Dynasty, three worthy chancellors arose from the southern regions (Yanfang): Zhang Jiuling from Shaozhou, Jiang Gongfu from Rinan Commandery (modern central Vietnam), and finally Liu Zhan was discovered in Huangzhou (modern Qinghai). However, they all emerged from relatively peripheral commanderies. Guangdong (Guangfu referring to the province), as a major administrative region, with its magnificent mountains and vast seas, nurturing outstanding talents, waited another three or four hundred years before Master Jupo appeared. When his name was on the imperial edict for chancellorship, he was secluded in a corner of Wolong at Pujian (a location in Baiyun Mountain, Guangzhou). Diligent imperial envoys traveled thousands of miles but could not persuade him to accept. Since ancient times, there has never been someone appointed chancellor who disdained the position. His noble style and complete integrity can inspire generations for a hundred ages." Master Baisha (Chen Xianzhang) once enshrined a portrait of Duke Cui Qingxian at his home, sitting respectfully in a corner gazing up at it, like a disciple before his master. After a long time, he wrote a sacrificial eulogy, which included: "(Your magnanimity is) like the clouds freely rolling and unrolling in the vast sky; (your character is) like the moon reflected inside and out of a clear autumn pond. Entrusting you with the responsibilities of the Huai River and Shu regions would be more than fitting, yet you disdained the honored position of Grand Councilor. Thus, you were able to serve the country effectively in your time (in office) and preserve your integrity fully in your later years (after retirement)." There were also lines like: "Expressing the longing for home from ten thousand li away are the 'Long and Short Odes'; submitted to the heavens (the emperor) were thirteen memorials declining the position." This is indeed a factual record. Among those from our Guangdong who declined the chancellorship, after Duke Cui Qingxian, there was Huo Tao (posthumously Wenmin), and Duke Liang Wen Kang (Liang Chu). After Liang Chu supported Emperor Shizong (Jiajing Emperor) in succeeding to the throne, just when imperial favor was at its peak, he became even more determined to request retirement. Emperor Shizong believed he combined the loyalty of Zhang Jiuling with the character of Cui Yuzhi. There was also Duke Fang Wen Xiang (Fang Xianfu), who, at the young age of forty, resigned from the chancellorship and retired to Mount Xiqiao. These were all wise men who bravely retreated at the height of their power. Taiquan (Lin Guang) said: "Our Guangdong encompasses both sea and land as a province, with deep mountains and broad rivers, anciently known for its rare treasures and abundance, appearing almost like a separate world on the map. Therefore, its people have always preferred tranquility and detachment, being indifferent towards pursuing official careers." Alas! Could this be the influence of Duke Cui Qingxian's enduring legacy?

文化解读/分析

本条目集中颂扬南宋名臣崔与之（崔清献），其文化意义和民俗价值主要体现在：

1. 树立岭南道德楷模：崔与之以其“八辞参政，十三辞丞相”的惊人举动，被塑造成为岭南乃至中国历史上淡泊名利、坚守气节的典范。屈大均通过引用家大酉、文天祥、刘辰翁、陈献章等名人的高度评价，反复强调其“高风全节”，将其置于极高的道德地位，极大地提升了岭南地区的文化形象。
2. 深化岭南贤臣谱系：继韩瑗、张九龄、余靖之后，崔与之被视为岭南贤臣传统的高峰。他不仅继承了前人的忠诚与才干（“淮蜀委之而有余”），更将“不慕荣利”的品格发挥到极致。屈大均进一步将明代的霍韬、梁储、方献夫纳入这一“辞相”或“急流勇退”的序列，构建了一个更为丰满、强调“风骨”和“哲人”智慧的岭南士人精神传承脉络。
3. 探讨地域文化性格：文章结尾引用林光（泰泉）的观点，试图将岭南地区士人“乐清旷而恬仕进”（喜好清静旷达，对做官不太热衷）的现象，与崔与之的“流风所被”联系起来。这体现了作者试图从地理环境（“山奥川豁”、“别出堪舆”）和代表人物的道德风范两个层面，探讨和塑造一种独特的岭南地域文化性格——崇尚自然、淡泊功名。
4. 文人崇拜与精神象征：文中提到陈献章（白沙）在家供奉崔与之画像并“隅坐瞻仰，若弟子之于师”，生动地展示了后世文人对崔与之的极度崇敬。崔与之已经超越了一个具体的历史人物，成为了一种道德理想和精神象征，其画像和事迹成为后人瞻仰、学习的对象，具有一定的准“民俗”意义上的偶像崇拜色彩。
5. 历史叙事与价值观传递：屈大均通过记述崔与之及其后继者“辞相”、“急流勇退”的事迹，传递了其个人所推崇的价值观：在乱世或权势巅峰时保持清醒，不贪恋权位，保全名节。这既是对历史人物的颂扬，也暗含着对现实（清初）政治环境的某种反思或期许。

关键词

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