原文
吾先世人多寿考。有听泉翁者，年八十余，以耆儒为乡党师。梁文康公储铭其墓曰：“刚毅正大由天成，缜纯温润锻炼精，考槃在涧王侯轻。”其配周氏安人，百有四岁。子沧洲翁讳渶，年八十余，有婴儿之慕。孙梅侣翁，亦年八十余。皆以齿德，屡举乡饮不赴，此吾之高曾也。而曾叔祖图南翁者，讳起鹏，尝十六赴省闱不得解，益攻苦。崇祯壬午，年八十有五，犹赴省闱，监临御史怜之，讽以告老，翁不从。国变后，乃弃诸生，九十余时，犹设塾乡闾，讲诵无虚日。时著高齿散屐，游行田间，有所得，即篝灯作蝇头小楷记之，成《野语》十有四卷。平生喜作经书制义，积稿数千以自娱，年九十八岁乃终。予乡大宗祠，岁冬至日，翁必率宗人千余奠爵献俎于始祖。予曾两侍翁饮福，随诸父兄上寿。翁举觞辄釂，酣畅无倦。予祝曰：“天上有寿星，饮酒辄一石。人间有酒龙，为寿亦过百。”翁之谓也。翁大喜，赐以巨觥。
白话
中文
我的祖辈中长寿的人很多。有一位叫听泉翁的先祖，活了八十多岁，因为是年高德劭的儒者而被乡里尊为老师。梁文康公（梁储）为他的墓写的铭文说：“刚毅正大的品性是天生的，细密纯粹温和润泽的德行是精于锻炼的，（他）隐居山涧（考槃在涧），视王侯如草芥。”他的配偶周氏安人，活到了一百零四岁。他们的儿子沧洲翁，名叫渶，活了八十多岁，（到老）还怀有婴儿般的纯真孺慕之情。孙子梅侣翁，也活了八十多岁。他们都因为年高德劭，多次被推举参加乡饮酒礼却不赴任，这几位是我的高祖和曾祖辈。还有一位曾叔祖叫图南翁，名叫起鹏，曾经十六次参加省试都未能考中，于是更加刻苦攻读。崇祯壬午年（1642年），他已经八十五岁高龄，仍然去参加省试，监考的御史同情他，暗示劝他告老还乡，老翁不听从。明朝灭亡（国变）后，他才放弃了生员的身份，九十多岁的时候，还在乡里开设私塾教书，每天都讲学诵读，从不间断。当时他常穿着高齿木屐，在田间漫步，有所感悟心得，就点起灯用蝇头小楷记录下来，写成了《野语》十四卷。他平生喜欢写作有关经书的八股文，积累了数千篇文稿来自我娱乐，活到九十八岁才去世。我们家乡的大宗祠，每年冬至这一天，图南翁必定率领一千多位族人向始祖献酒献祭品。我（屈大均自称）曾经两次陪侍老翁参与祭祀后的宴饮（饮福），跟随各位父兄向他祝寿。老翁举起酒杯总是能一饮而尽，畅饮不倦。我祝寿说：“天上有长寿之星，饮酒动辄一石；人间有酒中之龙，寿命也能超过百岁。”说的就是老翁您啊。老翁听了非常高兴，赏赐给我一个大酒杯。
英文
Many among my ancestors lived to a ripe old age. There was one ancestor, Old Man Tingquan, who lived past eighty and was respected as a teacher in the village for being an elderly and virtuous scholar. Duke Liang Wenkang (Liang Chu) inscribed his tomb, stating: "Firmness, perseverance, righteousness, and greatness are innate; meticulousness, purity, gentleness, and warmth are refined through cultivation; dwelling contentedly in seclusion ('kao pan zai jian'), he regarded princes and marquises lightly." His wife, Lady Zhou (Anren), lived to be one hundred and four. Their son, Old Man Cangzhou, named Ying, lived past eighty and retained a childlike affection and innocence even in old age. His grandson, Old Man Meilü, also lived past eighty. All of them, due to their age and virtue, were repeatedly recommended for the village drinking ceremony (Xiangyin) but declined to attend. These were my great-great-grandfather and great-grandfather generations. There was also a great-granduncle, Old Man Tunan, named Qipeng. He had taken the provincial examinations sixteen times without success, which spurred him to study even harder. In the Renwu year of the Chongzhen reign (1642), at the age of eighty-five, he still went to take the provincial exam. The supervising censor pitied him and hinted that he should retire due to old age, but the old man refused. After the change of dynasty (fall of the Ming), he finally gave up his status as a scholar candidate (Zhusheng). When he was over ninety, he still ran a private school in the village, teaching and reciting texts every single day without fail. At that time, he often wore high-toothed clogs and wandered through the fields. Whenever inspiration struck, he would light a lamp and record his thoughts in tiny, fly-head-sized regular script, compiling them into a fourteen-volume work titled "Rustic Sayings" (Ye Yu). Throughout his life, he enjoyed writing eight-legged essays on the classics, accumulating several thousand drafts for his own amusement. He passed away at the age of ninety-eight. At our hometown's main ancestral hall, every year on the Winter Solstice, Old Man Tunan would lead over a thousand clansmen in offering libations and sacrificial food to the founding ancestor. I (Qu Dajun) twice had the honor of attending the post-ritual feast (Yinfu) with the old man, following my father and uncles to offer him birthday felicitations. The old man would always drain his cup at every toast, drinking heartily without tiring. I toasted him, saying: "In heaven, there is the Star of Longevity, who drinks a 'shi' (a large unit of volume) of wine at a time. On earth, there is a 'Wine Dragon', whose lifespan also exceeds a hundred years." I was referring to the old man. He was greatly pleased and rewarded me with a large drinking cup (Gong).
文化解读/分析
此条目是屈大均记述其家族长寿传统的珍贵记录，具有浓厚的个人色彩和家族荣誉感。与上一条“长寿人”侧重记录地方异闻不同，本条通过列举自家高祖、曾祖、曾叔祖等多位八十岁以上乃至百岁高龄的先辈，强调了其家族内部普遍长寿的现象（“吾先世人多寿考”）。
长寿在此不仅是生理现象，更与德行、学识和生活态度紧密相连。听泉翁、沧洲翁、梅侣翁均“以齿德”受推举，体现了传统社会对“德高望重”长者的尊敬。周氏安人活至104岁，亦为家族增光。
最为突出的是曾叔祖图南翁（屈起鹏）的形象。他的人生展现了几个重要的文化侧面：
- 科举执念与文人风骨：十六次落第、八十五岁仍赴考，体现了传统士人对“学而优则仕”的执着追求。但在王朝更替（国变）后毅然“弃诸生”，又显现出一定的气节。
- 活到老，学到老，教到老：即使放弃功名，年过九十仍设塾授徒、著书立说（《野语》十四卷），体现了儒家“传道授业”和终身学习的精神。其“篝灯作蝇头小楷”的细节生动描绘了老学者勤勉不倦的形象。
- 隐逸情怀与生活雅趣：“著高齿散屐，游行田间”暗示了一种超脱世俗、亲近自然的生活方式。“积稿数千以自娱”则表现了文学创作对于文人自我精神寄托的重要性。
- 宗族领袖与敬祖传统：图南翁在冬至日主持宗祠祭祀，率领千余族人“奠爵献俎”，显示了他在宗族中的崇高地位和维系宗法制度的作用。冬至祭祖是重要的民俗活动，体现了中国人慎终追远、维系血脉认同的传统。
作者屈大均通过亲身经历（侍饮、祝寿、受赐巨觥）的描写，不仅表达了对长辈的敬仰和家族的自豪，也为这段家族史增添了生动性和可信度。将图南翁比作“寿星”、“酒龙”，既是祝福，也是对其生命活力和精神状态的高度赞扬。此条目是研究明清时期士人生活、家族文化、地方教育、寿文化及宗族制度的宝贵材料。
关键词
屈大均家族, 屈起鹏, 图南翁, 听泉翁, 沧洲翁, 梅侣翁, 长寿, 寿考, 耆儒, 梁储, 墓铭, 科举, 省闱, 崇祯, 国变, 隐逸, 设塾, 著述, 野语, 经书制义, 八股文, 宗祠, 冬至, 祭祖, 饮福, 上寿, 寿星, 酒龙, 乡饮, 广东, 番禺, 人语, 广东新语