原文

报仇三孝子

　　报仇三孝子。一曰黄卿，字庆锡，新会人也。其族有盗魁景贤者，尝杀卿祖父母、叔祖父、父与叔父三人。卿年十二，乞官兵往捕不获，获其一妾一女，某帅甚宠之，于是景贤因妾女以求抚，请输金五千，归就昆弟假贷。帅许之，使数十骑偕往。景贤伟躯多力，虬髭须，虎臂，日从数十骑奴，带刀执弓矢，招摇里市，时时过卿贷金。卿欣然许诺，伪与结欢除宿怨。景贤信之，遂留卿家饮食，卿乃阴约同仇数人，伏前厢室中反键之。一日景贤至，值酷暑，念卿文弱，所服侍仅一小僮无他，乃解衣简所贷金。小僮阴出启扃，卿乘间以匕首刺景贤，中腹，景贤创甚，走呼杀人杀人，伏者跿跔而出，共斫景贤。卿麾之，自割景贤首，剖心取血，祭其祖父母、叔祖父、父、三叔父。其母居隔一巷，卿怀景贤首诣母。未至，首重堕地，途人大惊恐，卿笑曰，此盗渠景贤也。左手持头，右手探怀中辞授令曰，景贤杀吾祖父母、叔祖父、父、三叔父。衔之十有二年，今得报之，愿归死司寇无憾。令念某帅金未偿，恐得罪，将加刑卿，卿曰，刑所以威不服，吾诛大仇自诣，且即死，又何刑为。问有同谋夥乎，曰无有。问小僮，曰：主刺杀之，吾割之，无他人也。令解卿至广州，卿喜曰：卿得报仇，以见先人于地下，死有余欢矣。下狱久之，卿以己无子，请释其无辜亲叔父，代己养母，有司许之，寻遇赦乃免。一曰李兼贵，字伯鸾，亦新会人。有大盗吕昌雄者，以小嫌导官兵杀其一家，兼贵寻于黄冈伺昌雄，白日格杀之，持其首，沥血二十里，走端州，有司以其壮士，奏授一官，兼贵固辞不可。一曰宋元亨，字应乾，程乡之贡士也。其父为总兵杨乾所害，元亨乘间即军中刺杀乾，有司系之。予贻以诗云："雄刀三载箾中鸣，报急而今事已成。何必君恩频见赦，千秋人识子崔名。"

白话

中文

这里记述三位为父祖报仇的孝子。

第一位叫黄卿，字庆锡，是新会县人。他的同族有个叫景贤的盗贼头目，曾经杀害了黄卿的祖父母、叔祖父、父亲以及三位叔父。黄卿当时年仅十二岁，请求官兵前往捕捉景贤，但没有抓到。官兵抓获了景贤的一个小妾和一个女儿，某个将帅非常宠爱她们。于是景贤通过这妾女的关系请求招安，提出愿意缴纳五千金，并回去向兄弟们借贷筹集。那位将帅答应了，派了几十名骑兵陪同他回去。景贤身材魁梧，力气很大，长着虬曲的胡须，手臂像老虎一样有力，每天都带着几十个持刀握弓的随从，在乡里市集招摇过市，时常到黄卿家催逼（之前许诺的）借款。黄卿（表面上）高兴地答应，假装与景贤和解，消除旧怨。景贤相信了他，于是留在黄卿家吃喝。黄卿则暗中约好几个与景贤有共同仇恨的人，埋伏在前面的厢房里，并将门反锁。有一天景贤来了，正值酷暑天气，他看黄卿文弱，身边只有一个小僮伺候，没什么防备，就脱下衣服，随便谈论借款的事。小僮偷偷出去打开了（伏兵所在的）房门门闩，黄卿趁机用匕首刺向景贤，正中腹部。景贤伤得很重，跑出去大喊“杀人啦，杀人啦”。埋伏的人跌跌撞撞地冲出来，一起砍杀景贤。黄卿指挥他们，并亲自割下景贤的头颅，剖开他的胸膛取出心脏和鲜血，用来祭奠他的祖父母、叔祖父、父亲和三位叔父。黄卿的母亲住家隔着一条巷子，黄卿怀揣景贤的头颅去见母亲。还没到，头颅太重掉在了地上，路人都非常惊恐。黄卿笑着说：“这是盗贼头目景贤的头。”他左手拿着头颅，右手从怀里掏出状纸交给县令说：“景贤杀害了我的祖父母、叔祖父、父亲和三位叔父。我怀恨在心十二年，今天终于报了仇，我心甘情愿归案伏法，死而无憾。”县令考虑到那位将帅（许诺给景贤的）金子还没到手，怕自己得罪将帅，打算对黄卿用重刑。黄卿说：“刑罚是用来威慑不服从的人的。我杀了大仇人后是自己来投案的，而且马上就要死了，还用什么刑罚呢？”县令问有没有同谋，黄卿回答说没有。又问那个小僮，小僮说：“是我的主人刺杀的，我参与了割砍，没有其他人了。”县令将黄卿押送到广州府。黄卿高兴地说：“我得以报了大仇，可以到九泉之下见列祖列宗了，死也充满快乐啊！”他被关在监狱里很久。因为自己没有儿子，黄卿请求释放他无辜的亲叔父，代替自己赡养母亲。官府批准了。不久后，黄卿遇到大赦而被免罪释放。

第二位叫李兼贵，字伯鸾，也是新会县人。有个叫吕昌雄的大盗，因为一点小过节就引诱官兵杀害了李兼贵全家。李兼贵后来在黄冈镇寻机等候吕昌雄，光天化日之下与他搏斗并杀死了他。李兼贵提着吕昌雄的头颅，（任凭）鲜血滴了二十里路，跑到端州（今肇庆）投案。官府认为他是壮士，上奏朝廷授予他一个官职，李兼贵坚决推辞不接受。

第三位叫宋元亨，字应乾，是程乡县（今梅州）的贡生。他的父亲被总兵杨乾杀害。宋元亨找准机会，在军营中刺杀了杨乾。官府逮捕了他。我（指作者屈大均）赠送他一首诗说：“雄壮的复仇之刀在刀鞘中鸣响了三年，急于报仇的心愿如今终于达成。何必总是依靠君王的恩典才能得到赦免呢？你的大名将像古时的崔杼（子崔）一样流传千古，为人所识。”

英文

Here are accounts of three filial sons who avenged their parents and ancestors.

The first was Huang Qing, styled Qingxi, a native of Xinhui County. In his clan, there was a bandit leader named Jing Xian who had killed Huang Qing's grandparents, granduncle, father, and three uncles. Huang Qing was only twelve at the time. He requested government troops to capture Jing Xian, but they failed. However, they captured one of Jing Xian's concubines and a daughter, whom a certain commander favored greatly. Consequently, Jing Xian, through the connection with his concubine and daughter, sought amnesty, offering to pay five thousand gold pieces, promising to borrow the sum from his relatives. The commander agreed and sent dozens of horsemen to accompany him. Jing Xian was tall and strong, with a curled beard and powerful arms like a tiger's. He was daily accompanied by dozens of armed followers carrying swords and bows, swaggering through the villages and markets. He often went to Huang Qing's house to press for the promised loan. Huang Qing pretended to agree cheerfully, feigning reconciliation and putting aside old grievances. Jing Xian believed him and stayed at Huang Qing's house to eat and drink. Huang Qing secretly arranged with several others who shared his enmity towards Jing Xian, hiding them in a front side room and locking the door from the outside. One day, Jing Xian arrived during a period of intense heat. Seeing Huang Qing as frail and attended only by a young servant, thus seemingly unprepared, Jing Xian removed his outer garments and casually discussed the loan. The young servant secretly went out and unbolted the door (to the room where the ambushers were). Huang Qing seized the opportunity to stab Jing Xian in the abdomen with a dagger. Severely wounded, Jing Xian ran out shouting, "Murder! Murder!" The hidden men stumbled out and together hacked at Jing Xian. Huang Qing directed them, personally cut off Jing Xian's head, cut open his chest to take out the heart and blood, and used them to offer sacrifices to his grandparents, granduncle, father, and three uncles. Huang Qing's mother lived across the alley. He carried Jing Xian's head to see his mother. Before he arrived, the heavy head fell to the ground, greatly alarming the passersby. Huang Qing laughed and said, "This is the head of the bandit leader Jing Xian." Holding the head in his left hand, he took out a written statement from his bosom with his right hand and gave it to the magistrate, saying, "Jing Xian killed my grandparents, granduncle, father, and three uncles. I have harbored this hatred for twelve years and have finally avenged them today. I willingly surrender to the law and will die without regret." The magistrate, concerned that the gold promised (by Jing Xian) to the commander had not been paid and fearing he might incur the commander's wrath, intended to severely punish Huang Qing. Huang Qing said, "Punishment is meant to intimidate the defiant. I killed my great enemy and surrendered myself. Since I am ready to die, what purpose would torture serve?" When asked if he had accomplices, Huang Qing said no. When the young servant was questioned, he said, "My master stabbed him, I helped cut him down, there was no one else." The magistrate sent Huang Qing to Guangzhou Prefecture. Huang Qing was pleased and said, "Having avenged my great wrongs, I can face my ancestors in the underworld. There is great joy in my death!" He was imprisoned for a long time. Because he had no son, Huang Qing requested that his innocent paternal uncle be released to care for his mother in his stead. The authorities granted his request. Later, Huang Qing was pardoned during a general amnesty and released.

The second was Li Jian'gui, styled Boluan, also a native of Xinhui County. A major bandit named Lü Changxiong, due to a minor dispute, had led government troops to kill Li Jian'gui's entire family. Li Jian'gui later waited for Lü Changxiong in Huanggang Town, fought and killed him in broad daylight. He carried Lü Changxiong's head, dripping blood for twenty li (about 10 kilometers), and ran to Duanzhou (present-day Zhaoqing) to surrender. The authorities considered him a brave warrior and memorialized the throne to grant him an official post. Li Jian'gui firmly refused the offer.

The third was Song Yuanheng, styled Yingqian, a Tribute Scholar (Gongsheng) from Chengxiang County (present-day Meizhou). His father had been killed by General Yang Qian. Song Yuanheng found an opportunity and assassinated Yang Qian within the military camp. The authorities arrested him. I (the author, Qu Dajun) presented him with a poem: "The heroic dagger hummed in its sheath for three years; / The urgent desire for vengeance is now fulfilled. / Why must one always rely on imperial grace for pardons? / For a thousand autumns, people will recognize your name like that of Zhui Zi (Cui Zhu)."

文化解读/分析

这三则故事集中体现了中国传统文化中“孝”与“复仇”的观念及其在特定社会历史背景下的实践。

1. 孝道伦理的极端体现：在中国传统社会，尤其是儒家伦理主导下，“孝”被视为百善之先。为父祖报仇雪恨，被认为是人子应尽的重大责任，关乎家族荣誉和对先人的告慰。这三位“孝子”的行为，虽然触犯了国家法律（杀人），但在当时的社会伦理观念中，具有一定的正当性甚至受到同情和赞扬。黄卿隐忍十二年，精心策划复仇；李兼贵不顾个人安危，白日格杀仇人；宋元亨身为贡士，冒险刺杀总兵，都显示了复仇决心之坚决。
2. 个人正义与国家法制：故事反映了在特定时期（明末清初社会动荡，或法制不健全、吏治腐败时），国家机器有时无法有效伸张正义（如黄卿年幼求助官府无果，吕昌雄甚至能“导官兵”作恶），导致个人或家族不得不采取极端手段寻求“私力救济”。官方对这类案件的处理也颇具玩味：黄卿最终遇赦，李兼贵被视为“壮士”欲授官，宋元亨也得到作者屈大均的诗歌赞扬。这表明官方和社会在一定程度上理解甚至认可这种基于孝道的复仇行为，体现了国法与人情（尤其是孝道伦理）之间的张力与调和。
3. 岭南地域文化特色：屈大均作为岭南学者，记录这些发生在广东（新会、程乡等地）的故事，也折射出地方人物的刚烈、重义、敢作敢当的性格特征。这些生动的个案，丰富了《广东新语》作为地方“百科全书”的内涵，展现了彼时广东社会生活的一个侧面，具有重要的民俗学和地方史料价值。
4. 作者的态度：屈大均不仅客观记述，更通过为宋元亨赠诗，明确表达了对这种复仇行为的赞赏，将其比作古代著名的刺客或权臣（子崔，一般认为指春秋时期齐国的崔杼），赋予其历史意义和道德高度。这反映了明末清初遗民知识分子在经历国破家亡后，可能更倾向于同情和赞扬这种坚韧不屈、敢于反抗强权的精神。

关键词

报仇, 三孝子, 黄卿, 李兼贵, 宋元亨, 孝道, 复仇, 屈大均, 广东新语, 人语, 清代, 民俗, 岭南文化, 新会, 程乡, 刺杀, 赦免, 家族仇恨, 伦理观念, 地方史