原文

广州二孝子

　　广州二孝子，一曰曹麟，字圣瑞，番禺五凤庄人，其父以渡江遇盗自溺死。麟号哭水滨十昼夜，闻者哀之。麟曰：“吾生不能得吾父之骸骨，吾其死以求吾父之骸骨乎。”遂抱其母木主，沉于江而死。一曰庞时倬，南海弼唐乡人，丙戌冬，闻敌兵将至，泣告其师曰：“吾父性刚，兵至必将遇害，父苟遇害，则吾以死殉之矣。”师哀其志，然亦未之信也。比城拔。其父被俘执索金，果大愤骂敌兵，兵将杀之，时倬哭请代死。兵不从，竟杀其父。时倬伏尸哭踊，徐以衣衾覆父，投井而死。时年十有三岁，论者谓二子者，以其父母之身，还之父母，皆可谓不失其身。而庞生当兵未至，先能决其父之不屈。父子天性，夫岂偶然，然其年甚小，则尤异。

白话

中文

广州有两位著名的孝子。

一位叫曹麟，字圣瑞，是番禺五凤庄人。他的父亲在渡江时遇到强盗，自己投水而死。曹麟在水边大声哭号了十天十夜，听到的人都为他感到悲哀。曹麟说：“我活着不能找到父亲的遗骨，难道我不能用死来求得父亲的遗骨吗？”于是他抱着母亲的神主牌位，投江自尽了。

另一位叫庞时倬，是南海弼唐乡人。丙戌年（清顺治三年，1646年）冬天，听说敌兵将要到来，他哭着告诉老师说：“我父亲性格刚烈，敌兵来了他必定会遭遇杀身之祸。如果父亲被害，那么我一定会为他殉身。”老师同情他的志向，但也不完全相信他会这样做。等到城池被攻陷，他的父亲被俘虏并被勒索金银，果然（如庞时倬所料）大为愤怒，辱骂敌兵。敌兵准备杀他时，庞时倬哭着请求代替父亲去死。敌兵不同意，最终还是杀了他的父亲。庞时倬趴在父亲的尸体上痛哭顿足，慢慢地用衣被盖好父亲，然后投井自杀了。他当时只有十三岁。评论的人认为，这两位孝子，将父母给予的身体（生命）还给了父母，都可以说是没有辜负自己的生命（死得其所）。而庞时倬在敌兵还没到的时候，就能预见到他父亲宁死不屈。父子之间的天性感应，难道是偶然的吗？况且他的年纪这么小，就更显得非同寻常了。

英文

Guangzhou had two famous filial sons.

One was named Cao Lin, courtesy name Shengrui, from Wufeng Village, Panyu. His father encountered robbers while crossing the river and drowned himself. Cao Lin wailed by the riverside for ten days and nights, and those who heard him grieved for him. Cao Lin said, "If I cannot retrieve my father's remains while alive, can I not seek my father's remains through death?" He then embraced his mother's spirit tablet and drowned himself in the river.

The other was named Pang Shizhuo, from Bitang Village, Nanhai. In the winter of the Bingxu year (1646 AD, the third year of the Shunzhi reign in the Qing Dynasty), hearing that enemy soldiers were approaching, he tearfully told his teacher, "My father has a strong character; when the enemy soldiers arrive, he will surely meet a fatal disaster. If my father is harmed, I will certainly die with him." His teacher sympathized with his resolve but did not fully believe he would do it. When the city fell, his father was captured and demanded for ransom. As expected (just as Pang Shizhuo predicted), he became greatly angered and cursed the enemy soldiers. When the soldiers were about to kill him, Pang Shizhuo cried and begged to die in his father's place. The soldiers refused and ultimately killed his father. Pang Shizhuo fell upon his father's body, weeping and stamping his feet in grief. He slowly covered his father with clothes and quilts, then threw himself into a well and committed suicide. He was only thirteen years old at the time. Commentators believed that these two filial sons, by returning the bodies given by their parents back to their parents (through death), could both be considered as not having wasted their lives (having died a meaningful death). Furthermore, Pang Shizhuo, even before the soldiers arrived, could foresee his father's unyielding nature. How could the natural bond between father and son be accidental? Moreover, his young age made it particularly remarkable.

文化解读/分析

这则记述集中体现了中国传统社会，尤其是深受儒家思想影响下的极端“孝道”观念。“孝”被视为百善之先，是维系家庭和社会秩序的基石。曹麟和庞时倬的行为，在当时被视为孝行的最高典范——为了保全父亲的遗骨或与父共赴黄泉，不惜牺牲自己的生命。

曹麟“号哭水滨十昼夜”并最终“抱母木主，沉于江而死”，展现了其寻父不得的绝望和以死践行孝道的决心。抱着母亲牌位投江，可能象征着即使在死亡中也要维系家庭完整或向祖先交代。

庞时倬的故事发生在明末清初（丙戌年为1646年）的战乱背景下，更添一层悲壮色彩。他不仅预见了刚烈父亲的命运，更在父亲被害后，毅然“哭请代死”，并在请求无效后“投井而死”。其年仅十三岁，使得他的行为在时人看来尤为“异”，即非同寻常、令人惊叹。这突显了社会对少年能秉持如此坚定伦理信念的赞赏。

文末“论者谓二子者，以其父母之身，还之父母，皆可谓不失其身”的评论至关重要。它反映了当时社会的主流价值观：身体发肤受之父母，以生命践行对父母的孝道，并非“失身”（浪费生命或不珍惜生命），而是实现了生命的最高价值，是“死得其所”。这种观念强调了道德价值优先于个体生命的存续。

这两个故事作为“孝子”典型被记录和传颂，旨在教化民众，弘扬孝道伦理，维护社会纲常。它们是研究明清时期岭南地区社会伦理观念、家庭关系以及极端道德行为的重要案例。

关键词

广州二孝子, 曹麟, 庞时倬, 屈大均, 广东新语, 孝道, 孝子, 明末清初, 殉父, 岭南文化, 民俗, 伦理观念, 儒家思想, 家庭伦理