原文
广中之盗，患在散而不在聚，患在无巢穴者，而不在有巢穴者。有巢穴者之盗少，而无巢穴者之盗多，则蛋家其一类也。蛋家本鲸鲵之族，其性嗜杀，彼其大艟小艑出没波涛，江海之水道多歧，而罟朋之分合不测。又与水陆诸凶渠，相为连结，我哨船少则不能蹑其踪迹，水军少亦无以当其锋锐，计必兵恒有余于盗，毋使盗恒有余于兵。又设为严法，如盗杀一人，则以一兵抵，杀一兵，则以一官偿，劫一民舸，则夺一哨船之食。而责之立功，昼夜巡行，惟盗是索。而蛋人则编以甲册，假以水利，每十艇为一队，十队为一长，画川使守，略仿洪武初以蛋人为水军之制。择其二三智勇者，为之大长，授以一官，俾得以军律治其族，与哨船诸总，相为羽翼。又使诸县富民，仍得朋造乌槽、横江二船，专业渔盐，有警则船人皆兵，分班守直。凡出外海制贼用乌槽，里海制贼用横江船。又使东西二江日艔夜艔诸艔长，皆为哨长，而勿征其饷。如此，则上无养兵之劳，而水师自足，一有事，旦暮可集矣。
白话
中文
广东地区的盗贼问题，忧虑在于他们分散而不聚集，忧虑在于那些没有固定巢穴的盗贼，而不是有固定巢穴的。有固定巢穴的盗贼少，而没有固定巢穴的盗贼多，那么蛋家就是其中的一类。蛋家人本是像鲸鲵一样凶猛好斗的族群，天性喜欢杀戮。他们的大小船只在波涛中出没，江河海洋的水道复杂多分岔，其团伙（罟朋）的分散聚合也难以预测。他们又和水上陆上的各路凶恶头目相互勾结。我们的哨船少了就无法追踪他们的行迹，水军少了也无法抵挡他们的锐气。策略上必须是兵力常多于盗贼，不要让盗贼的数量常多于兵力。另外，要设立严厉的法规，例如盗贼杀死一个平民，就让一个士兵抵罪；杀死一个士兵，就让一个官员偿命；抢劫一艘民船，就夺去一艘哨船的粮饷。并且要督责兵将建立功勋，日夜巡逻，专门搜捕盗贼。对于蛋家人，则将他们编入户籍册（甲册），给予他们一定的水上权益或管理区域（假以水利），每十艘船编为一队，十队设立一个队长，划分管理的水域让他们守卫，大致仿效明朝洪武初年用蛋家人组建水军的制度。选择他们族中两三个有智谋和勇气的人，担任总队长，授予官职，让他们能够用军法管理自己的族人，并与各哨船的统领互相配合支援。同时，让各县的富裕人家，可以继续合伙建造乌槽船和横江船这两种船，专门从事渔业和盐业，一旦有警报，船上的人都可转为士兵，分班轮值守卫。凡是到外海制服盗贼用乌槽船，在内河（里海）制服盗贼用横江船。再让东江、西江上跑日班、夜班运输的各类船长，都兼任哨长，但不向他们征收粮饷。这样一来，朝廷就没有供养军队的辛劳，而水师力量自然充足，一旦有事发生，早晚之间就能迅速集结起来。
英文
The problem with bandits in the Guangdong region lies in their dispersion rather than concentration, and in those without fixed bases rather than those with them. Bandits with fixed bases are few, while those without are many; the Danjia (Tanka people) are one such group. The Danjia are inherently a fierce and combative group, likened to whales or sea monsters ("jingni"), with a natural inclination towards killing. Their large and small boats appear and disappear amidst the waves; the waterways of rivers and seas are complex and numerous, and the splitting and joining of their gangs ("gupeng" - net allies/gangs) are unpredictable. They also collude with various vicious leaders on both water and land. If our patrol boats are too few, they cannot track their movements; if the navy is too small, it cannot withstand their fierce attacks. The strategy must be to always maintain a military force superior in number to the bandits, never allowing the bandits to outnumber the soldiers. Furthermore, strict laws should be established: for instance, if a bandit kills a civilian, a soldier must pay for it (likely with severe punishment or their life); if a soldier is killed, an official must be held accountable; if a civilian boat is robbed, the provisions of a patrol boat should be confiscated. Additionally, soldiers and officers must be urged to achieve merit, patrolling day and night, solely focused on searching for bandits. As for the Danjia people, they should be registered into household lists ("jiace"), granted certain water rights or assigned areas ("jia yi shui li"), organized with every ten boats forming a team ("dui"), and ten teams under a leader ("zhang"). They should be assigned specific river sections to guard, roughly imitating the system from the early Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty, which utilized Danjia people as a naval force. Select two or three wise and brave individuals from among them to serve as high leaders, grant them official positions, enabling them to govern their own people according to military law, and coordinate with the commanders of the patrol boats as mutual support. Simultaneously, allow wealthy households in various counties to continue building Wucao boats and Hengjiang boats in partnership, specializing in fishing and salt trading. When an alert sounds, the boatmen become soldiers, taking turns on guard duty. Generally, Wucao boats should be used to control bandits in the outer seas, while Hengjiang boats should be used for the inner rivers ("lihai"). Furthermore, make the leaders of the day and night transport boats ("bo") on the East and West Rivers serve as patrol leaders ("shaozhang"), but do not levy provisions or salaries from them. In this way, the government avoids the burden of maintaining soldiers, the naval force becomes self-sufficient, and should trouble arise, they can be assembled swiftly, whether morning or evening.
文化解读/分析
本条目反映了清代初期广东沿海地区复杂的社会状况和官方对水上流动人口，特别是蛋家（疍家/疍民，今称水上居民或渔民）群体的认知与管理策略。
- 对蛋家的刻板印象与歧视：屈大均将蛋家描述为“鲸鲵之族”、“性嗜杀”，并直接将其归为“无巢穴者之盗”的一类。这体现了当时主流社会对蛋家这一长期生活在水上、具有独特习俗和语言、处于社会边缘地位群体的普遍偏见和恐惧。将他们视为天生的、流动的威胁，是官方制定相关政策的基础。这种描述带有明显的歧视色彩，将个体或部分群体的行为（参与盗匪活动）泛化为整个族群的“天性”。
- 清初海防与治安压力：文章背景是清朝初年，经历明末清初战乱，东南沿海地区包括广东，海盗、流寇活动频繁，严重威胁地方治安和朝廷统治。屈大均提出的问题——“患在散而不在聚，患在无巢穴者”——点明了管理流动性盗匪的困难，尤其是善于利用水路、行踪不定的蛋家盗匪。
务实的管理与控制策略：尽管带有偏见，屈大均提出的解决方案却相当务实，体现了传统中国的治理智慧与局限性：
- 军事威慑与严刑峻法：主张保持绝对优势兵力，并用严苛的连坐法（杀民罪兵、杀兵罪官、劫船夺饷）来约束军队和官员，强化责任。
- 以夷制夷与改编利用：提出仿效明初制度，将蛋家人编入户籍（甲册），进行组织化管理（十艇为队，十队为长），并选拔其头领授予官职，利用他们熟悉水性的优势来维护水上治安，参与防御体系（“与哨船诸总，相为羽翼”）。这是一种典型的“以其人之道还治其人之身”的策略，既是控制也是利用。
- 军民结合与地方动员：鼓励地方富民建造特定船只（乌槽船用于外海，横江船用于内河），平时渔盐，有事则转为兵力。并将民间船运力量（东西江艔长）纳入准军事巡逻体系，且不增加财政负担。这反映了在国家财政有限的情况下，动员地方力量参与公共安全的传统做法。
- 社会经济与民俗：提及的乌槽船、横江船是当时广东常见的船型，反映了地方的造船技术和渔盐经济活动。将蛋家与特定的船只、水道、渔猎活动联系起来，也间接描绘了他们的生产生活方式，尽管是从负面角度切入。将蛋家编入“甲册”并“假以水利”，实际上也是将其纳入国家控制体系，限制其自由流动性，并试图改变其被视为“化外之民”的状态，尽管出发点是维稳而非平权。
总而言之，“蛋家贼”条目不仅记录了清初广东特定的治安问题和应对措施，更折射出当时社会对蛋家群体的深刻偏见、国家对边缘流动人口的控制焦虑，以及融合了军事、行政、地方动员等多种手段的复杂治理策略。它是研究清代广东地方史、海防史、社会史以及特定族群（蛋家）历史的重要文献。
关键词
蛋家, 疍家, 疍民, 水上居民, 盗贼, 海盗, 广东, 清初, 屈大均, 广东新语, 海防, 水师, 社会管理, 族群关系, 歧视, 地方志, 乌槽船, 横江船, 鲸鲵之族, 以夷制夷