原文

崇祯间，东莞多长寿人，若温塘之龙翁，一百有四。寮溪之竹园公，一百有三。鹧鸪坑之尹南峰公，一百有一。石碣之梁翁，万家租之翟公，皆一百。同时同邑，诚天下之所罕者。比岁番禺陂头乡，有四潘翁者。一曰秉彝，年九十八。一曰岣嵝，年九十六。一曰庆存，年八十九。一曰庆余，年八十八，皆同母之兄弟也。有司表其闾曰，“一门四皓”。予谓四翁在异姓则过于商山之四老，在同生则过于南齐之徐伯珍兄弟，盖我八朝先君深仁厚泽之所培养而致者。予尝与岣嵝翁游，听翁谈说隆、万年间太平遗事，神往久之，尝以鹤顶杯引满为翁称寿。翁赋诗见答，可传也。

白话

中文

明朝崇祯年间，东莞县有很多长寿的人，例如温塘的龙老翁，一百零四岁；寮溪的竹园公，一百零三岁；鹧鸪坑的尹南峰公，一百零一岁；石碣的梁老翁和万家租的翟老翁，都是一百岁。在同一个时期、同一个县里有这么多百岁老人，实在是天下少有的事。近些年，番禺县陂头乡有姓潘的四位老翁：一位叫潘秉彝，九十八岁；一位叫潘岣嵝，九十六岁；一位叫潘庆存，八十九岁；一位叫潘庆余，八十八岁，他们都是同母所生的兄弟。当地官府在他们的住处挂匾表彰，称为“一门四皓”（意指一家出了四位像商山四皓一样德高望重的长者）。我认为这四位老翁如果是异姓，就已经胜过了汉代的商山四皓；而他们是同胞兄弟，更是胜过了南齐时的徐伯珍兄弟。这大概是本朝（清朝）先帝们深厚的仁德恩泽所培养造就的。我（屈大均自称）曾经和潘岣嵝老翁交往，听他讲述明代隆庆、万历年间的太平旧事，听得我心驰神往很久。我曾用鹤顶杯斟满酒为老翁祝寿，老翁作诗酬答，他的诗值得流传下来。

英文

During the Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty (circa 1628-1644), Dongguan County had many long-lived people. For example, Old Man Long of Wentang was 104 years old; Master Zhuyuan of Liaoxi was 103; Master Yin Nanfeng of Zhegukeng was 101; Old Man Liang of Shijie and Old Man Zhai of Wanjiazu were both 100. To have so many centenarians in the same county at the same time was truly rare in the world. In recent years, in Pitou Township of Panyu County, there were four elderly Pan brothers: one named Pan Bingyi, aged 98; one named Pan Goulou, aged 96; one named Pan Qingcun, aged 89; and one named Pan Qingyu, aged 88. They were all brothers born to the same mother. The local authorities honored their residence with a plaque inscribed "Four Hoary Heads in One Family" (Yi Men Si Hao), alluding to the esteemed "Four Hoary Heads of Mount Shang" from the Han Dynasty. I (Qu Dajun, referring to himself) believe that if these four elders were from different families, they would already surpass the Four Hoary Heads of Mount Shang; being biological brothers, they surpass even the Xu Bozhen brothers of the Southern Qi Dynasty. This longevity is likely nurtured and brought about by the profound benevolence and generous grace of our dynasty's (Qing Dynasty) preceding emperors. I once associated with Old Man Pan Goulou, listening to him recount anecdotes from the peaceful times of the Longqing (1567-1572) and Wanli (1573-1620) reigns of the Ming Dynasty, which deeply fascinated me for a long time. I once toasted his longevity, filling a "crane-top cup" (Heding Bei, possibly a type of wine cup associated with longevity) with wine. The old man responded with a poem, which is worthy of being passed down.

文化解读/分析

此条目集中体现了中国传统文化中对“长寿”的崇尚和记录。长寿被视为个人福祉、家庭荣耀乃至社会祥瑞的象征。屈大均首先列举了明末东莞县多位百岁老人的实例，强调其罕见性，突显了地方的特殊性。接着，他详细记述了清初番禺县潘氏四兄弟的高寿，并引用了官府“一门四皓”的表彰，将其与历史典故（商山四皓、徐伯珍兄弟）相联系，提升了事件的文化意义，将其视为超越历史范例的盛事。值得注意的是，作者将这种长寿现象归因于“我八朝先君深仁厚泽”，即清朝统治者的仁政，这既反映了传统“天人感应”的思想（认为社会祥瑞与统治者德行相关），也带有一定的政治色彩，体现了作者对当朝统治的认可。此外，作者与潘岣嵝的交往，以及对其讲述“隆万太平遗事”的记录，不仅保存了珍贵的口述历史片段，也反映了文人对前代历史记忆的珍视和对长者的尊敬。以“鹤顶杯”祝寿、老翁赋诗酬答等细节，亦展现了当时文人社交的雅趣和对长寿的庆贺方式。此条目具有重要的民俗学、社会史和文化史价值，展示了特定历史时期广东地区的寿文化、敬老风尚以及地方精英的文化生活。

关键词

长寿, 百岁老人, 东莞, 番禺, 崇祯, 清初, 潘氏兄弟, 一门四皓, 商山四皓, 徐伯珍, 寿文化, 敬老, 祥瑞, 仁政, 屈大均, 广东新语, 人语, 口述历史, 鹤顶杯