原文

林氏者，广州之河南乡人。丙戌城破，林氏投珠江而死，番禺罗宾王吊之，有曰：“黄泉随母逝，白璧为夫全。抱玉云飘海，沉珠月在渊。”又李氏者，番禺三元市人。庚寅广州被围，朔骑抄掠得之，不辱，赋诗十章而缢。有曰：“恨绝当时步不前，追随夫婿越江边。双双共入桃花水，化作鸳鸯亦是仙。”味其辞，其夫必先自沉者。又有王桂卿者，广州人，为张参戎之妾。丙戌，年始二十，兵至，拜辞其夫，弹琵琶一曲，自经死。邝湛若吊之，有曰：“坠楼未散香烟梦，被发犹存石鼓歌。雁柱只今余玳甲，为怜落木晚风多。”

白话

中文

林氏，是广州河南乡人。丙戌年（1646年）广州城被攻破时，林氏投入珠江自尽。番禺人罗宾王作诗凭吊她，诗中有这样的句子：“（你）追随母亲共赴黄泉，像洁白的美玉一样为丈夫保全了名节。（你的精神）如同美玉随云飘向大海，如同珍珠沉没于月下的深渊。” 还有一位李氏，是番禺三元市人。庚寅年（1650年）广州被围困时，她被北方的骑兵（指清兵）掳掠，但没有受辱，写了十首诗后上吊自尽。她的诗中有这样的句子：“悔恨当时没有快步跟上，追随夫君到江边。（如果那样）双双共赴桃花春水，化作鸳鸯也是神仙。”品味她的诗句，她的丈夫必定是先于她投水自尽了。另外还有一位叫王桂卿的，是广州人，担任张参戎的妾。丙戌年（1646年），她年仅二十岁，清兵到来时，她拜别丈夫，弹奏了一曲琵琶，然后上吊自尽。邝湛若作诗凭吊她，诗中有这样的句子：“坠楼的悲剧仿佛还在眼前，（你）披散着头发殉难如同（古代烈女）高渐离击筑（刺秦王）般壮烈。如今琵琶只剩下玳瑁做的拨片，可叹落叶纷飞在萧瑟晚风中。”

英文

Madam Lin was a native of Henan township in Guangzhou. When the city fell in the Bingxu year (1646), Madam Lin threw herself into the Pearl River and died. Luo Binwang from Panyu mourned her with a poem, which included the lines: "To the Yellow Springs (underworld) she followed her mother; like flawless white jade, she preserved her integrity for her husband. Embracing jade, she drifted like a cloud over the sea; a sunken pearl, like the moon in the abyss." Then there was Madam Li, from Sanyuan Market in Panyu. During the siege of Guangzhou in the Gengyin year (1650), she was captured by northern cavalry (referring to Qing soldiers) during their raids. Refusing to be dishonored, she wrote ten poems and then hanged herself. One of her poems included the lines: "Deeply regretting not stepping forward then, to follow my husband across the riverside. Had we both entered the peach-blossom water together, transforming into mandarin ducks would also be divine." Judging from her words, her husband must have drowned himself before her. Additionally, there was Wang Guiqing, a native of Guangzhou and a concubine to Military Adjutant Zhang. In the Bingxu year (1646), when she was just twenty years old and the soldiers arrived, she bowed farewell to her husband, played a song on the pipa, and then hanged herself. Kuang Zhanruo mourned her with a poem, including the lines: "The dream of incense smoke from the falling-from-building tragedy hasn't dispersed; with disheveled hair, the spirit of the Stone Drum song remains. Only the hawksbill plectrum remains on the pipa's bridge now; pitying the many falling leaves in the late wind."

文化解读/分析

本条目记述了明末清初广州城陷落之际，三位女性（林氏、李氏、王桂卿）为保全贞节而殉难的事迹。这反映了中国传统社会，特别是理学思想影响下，对女性“贞节”观念的高度重视。在战乱、朝代更替的动荡时期，女性往往将保持贞洁视为比生命更重要的道德操守。她们的行为被视为符合儒家伦理的“烈女”典范，受到时人的推崇和后世的传颂。

屈大均收录这些事迹，并引用时人凭吊的诗歌，不仅是为了记录历史事件，更是为了表彰这些女性的“气节”，展现岭南女性在特定历史背景下的刚烈品格。这些故事也折射出明清易代之际战争的残酷，以及普通民众（尤其是女性）在乱世中的悲惨遭遇和无奈抉择。同时，通过诗歌的引用，也体现了文人以诗纪事、凭吊逝者的文化传统。这些记载是研究明末清初社会价值观、女性史、地方史以及战乱影响的重要材料。

关键词

广东新语, 屈大均, 女语, 林氏, 李氏, 王桂卿, 贞节, 烈女, 明末清初, 广州, 番禺, 珠江, 殉难, 诗歌, 罗宾王, 邝湛若