原文

麦氏，香山小榄乡人，诸生黄肇扬之妻。癸巳冬被掠，愤骂赴水，兵捉其发系船间，麦氏乘间断发又赴水，既没复涌出，作愤骂状，如是者三，兵竞射之乃没。予吊之云："入水不肯沉，骂奴犹未毕。身轻乘文鱼，三跃江中出。佳人一赫怒，波涛为羡溢。髐箭虽纷纷，难损芝兰质。去为湘妃娣，魂烈知无匹。"

白话

中文

麦氏，是香山县小榄乡（今广东中山市小榄镇）人，秀才黄肇扬的妻子。癸巳年（清顺治十年，1653年）冬天被（乱兵）掳掠，她愤怒地咒骂并投水自尽。士兵抓住她的头发把她系在船边，麦氏趁机割断头发再次投水。她沉下水后又浮出水面，做出愤怒咒骂的样子，像这样反复了三次。士兵们争相向她射箭，她才最终沉没死去。我（屈大均）作诗凭吊她道：“投入水中却不肯下沉，因为痛骂贼奴还未完成。身姿轻盈如同驾驭着文鱼，三次从江水中跳跃而出。美人一旦勃然大怒，连江河波涛都为之汹涌澎湃。响箭虽然纷纷射来，也难以损伤她如芝兰般高洁的品质。她将去做湘水女神的妹妹，那刚烈的魂魄可知是无与伦比的。”

英文

Mai Shi was a native of Xiaolan Township, Xiangshan County (present-day Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan City, Guangdong), and the wife of the xiucai (county-level scholar) Huang Zhaoyang. In the winter of the Guisi year (1653, the tenth year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty), she was captured by (rebel) soldiers. Angrily cursing, she threw herself into the water to commit suicide. The soldiers grabbed her hair and tied her to the side of the boat. Mai Shi seized an opportunity to cut off her hair and threw herself into the water again. After sinking, she resurfaced, still appearing furious and cursing. She did this three times. The soldiers then competed in shooting arrows at her, and only then did she finally sink and die. I (Qu Dajun) wrote a poem to mourn her: "Entering the water, she refused to sink, her cursing of the villains yet unfinished. Her body light, as if riding patterned fish, thrice she leaped out from the river. When the beauty became enraged, even the waves surged high. Though whistling arrows flew thick and fast, they could not harm her orchid-like pure quality. She goes to be a sister to the Xiang River goddesses; her fierce soul is known to be without peer."

文化解读/分析

本条目与“李氏”条目相似，同样颂扬了明末清初乱世中一位岭南女性的贞烈行为。麦氏面对被掳掠的命运，选择了激烈的反抗——“愤骂赴水”。她的反抗尤为壮烈：被士兵抓住头发系在船边后，她“乘间断发又赴水”，断发象征着决绝和对自身身体的掌控，是对强权的进一步蔑视。她“既没复涌出，作愤骂状，如是者三”，这种超乎常人的意志力和反复赴死的决心，展现了其维护贞洁、宁死不屈的极端刚烈性格。最终，她在士兵的箭矢下才沉没，其死亡过程充满了悲剧性的英雄色彩。屈大均的凭吊诗更是将她的形象提升到神话的高度，将其比作不沉的精灵、能令波涛汹涌的女神，强调其“芝兰质”和“魂烈无匹”，认为她的精神力量超越了肉体的毁灭。这则记述深刻反映了传统社会对女性“贞烈”观念的极高推崇，尤其是在面临民族危难和个人受辱的时刻，这种牺牲被视为具有崇高的道德价值。它不仅是个人悲剧的记录，也是特定历史文化背景下价值观的体现，为研究明清易代之际的社会心态、伦理观念以及女性的极端处境提供了生动案例。

关键词

麦氏、香山、小榄、黄肇扬、癸巳、清初、广东新语、女语、贞烈、殉节、赴水、断发、屈大均、岭南文化、女性史、明清易代