原文
六贞女者,顺德龙津李氏处女也。丙辰春,粤东大乱,有强暴谋胁致之,六女惧且不免,以酒相酹,一夕同赴水死,其家合葬之龟山之阴,好事者为植女青其上。予吊之曰:"冬青一树分男女,近日男青让女青。不见龙津诸女子,万年枝上显精灵。"万年枝,即女青也。
白话
中文
所谓的“六贞女”,是顺德县龙津(今属佛山市顺德区龙江镇)李氏家族的六位未出嫁的女儿。丙辰年(清康熙十五年,1676年)春天,广东东部地区发生大动乱,有残暴之徒图谋胁迫玷污她们。六位女子害怕无法幸免,便相互以酒祭奠,在同一个晚上一起投水自尽了。她们的家人将她们合葬在龟山的北面,有敬佩她们德行的人在坟墓上种植了女青树。我(屈大均)作诗凭吊她们说:“冬青树本有雌雄之分,但近来雄树的风采也要让位于雌树了。没看见龙津的这几位女子吗?她们的精灵显现在万年枝(女青树)上,(她们的贞烈精神将万古长存)。”万年枝,就是女青树。
英文
The so-called "Six Virtuous Maidens" were six unmarried daughters of the Li family from Longjin, Shunde County (present-day Longjiang Town, Shunde District, Foshan City). In the spring of the Bingchen year (1676, the 15th year of the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty), great turmoil erupted in eastern Guangdong. Some violent individuals plotted to coerce and violate them. Fearing they could not escape this fate, the six maidens poured libations of wine for each other and then drowned themselves together in the water on the same night. Their family buried them together on the north side of Gui Mountain. Someone who admired their virtue planted nüqing trees (a type of evergreen, possibly holly) on their grave. I (Qu Dajun) wrote a poem to mourn them: "The wintergreen tree is divided into male and female, but recently the male yields to the female. Do you not see the young women of Longjin? Their spirits manifest on the 'ten-thousand-year branches' (wannianzhi, i.e., the nüqing tree), (their virtuous spirit will endure forever)." Wannianzhi is the nüqing tree.
文化解读/分析
本条目记述了清初“三藩之乱”波及广东时,顺德龙津李氏六姐妹为免受乱兵侮辱而集体投水自尽的悲壮事迹。这再次凸显了传统儒家社会对女性“贞节”的极端重视,将其视为比生命更重要的价值。与前述李氏、麦氏的个人抗争不同,“六贞女”展现的是一种集体的、有组织的殉节行为(“以酒相酹,一夕同赴水死”),反映了在特定文化压力和危难环境下,女性内部形成的共同价值认同和行为选择。她们的集体赴死被当时的社会视为维护家族荣誉和自身纯洁的最高典范。家人将其合葬,以及“好事者”植树纪念的行为,表明了社会对这种“贞烈”行为的认可和传颂。屈大均的凭吊诗更是通过“男青让女青”的比喻,以及“万年枝上显精灵”的想象,将六位女性的道德地位和精神象征意义提升到极高层次,认为她们的贞烈精神如同常青树一般不朽,甚至超越了男性。此记载是研究清初广东社会动荡、宗法伦理、贞节观念以及地方女性史的重要材料,反映了乱世中个体(尤其是女性)命运的脆弱以及文化观念对个体行为的深刻影响。
关键词
六贞女、顺德、龙津、李氏、丙辰、清初、三藩之乱、广东新语、女语、贞女、贞节、集体自杀、赴水、女青、万年枝、龟山、屈大均、岭南文化、女性史、宗法伦理