原文

谢氏玉华，番禺市桥人，同邑曹世兴之妻也。世兴卒，玉华誓不改节。其父母给之归宁，车至门，女即自刎，家人亟救之。玉华左手探喉，右手引刀再割而瞑。又某氏者，南海兰石人。夫梁，庚寅城破，某氏誓决一死。取二小刀，一与夫，一以自佩。未几兵至兰石，夫被杀死。某氏视含殓讫，即取所佩刀自割。姑惊哭，视其喉未断，欲敷以药，某氏亟再割以死，此二事相类。予为双刃操以写之，辞曰："嗟烈烈兮佳人，知义兮不知有身。手持喉兮一再割，血洒地兮纷纷。夜有光兮非青燐，鬼伯抱持兮叩天阍。"

白话

中文

谢氏，名玉华，是番禺县市桥（今广州市番禺区市桥）人，同县人曹世兴的妻子。曹世兴去世后，谢玉华发誓不再改嫁，坚守贞节。她的父母让她回娘家探亲（或意图劝其改嫁），当车马来到娘家门口时，她就立刻拔刀自刎。家人急忙上前救助。谢玉华用左手摸着喉咙，右手拿刀再次切割，然后闭眼死去。另外还有一位某氏，是南海县兰石（今佛山市南海区）人。她的丈夫姓梁。庚寅年（清顺治七年，1650年）城池被攻破时，某氏发誓一定要死。她拿出两把小刀，一把交给丈夫，一把自己佩戴。没过多久，士兵来到兰石，她的丈夫被杀害。某氏看着丈夫被入殓完毕，就拿出自己佩戴的刀自刎。她的婆婆（或姑姑）惊恐地哭泣，看到她喉咙尚未完全割断，想要给她敷药，某氏急忙再次切割，最终死去。这两件事很相似。我（屈大均）为此作了一首《双刃操》来记述她们，歌辞说：“唉，多么刚烈的佳人啊！只知道坚守道义，却不顾惜自己的身体。用手摸着喉咙一次又一次地切割，鲜血纷纷洒落在地上。夜晚有光芒闪耀，那不是鬼火青磷，而是她们的英魂被鬼伯（冥府神灵）抱持着叩响天门啊！”

英文

Xie Shi, whose given name was Yuhua, was from Shiqiao, Panyu County (present-day Shiqiao, Panyu District, Guangzhou City), and the wife of Cao Shixing from the same county. After Cao Shixing died, Xie Yuhua vowed not to remarry and to maintain her chastity. Her parents had her return to their home for a visit (possibly intending to persuade her to remarry). When the carriage arrived at the gate of her parents' home, she immediately drew a knife and cut her throat. Her family members rushed to save her. Xie Yuhua felt her throat with her left hand, took the knife with her right hand, cut again, and then closed her eyes and died. There was also another woman, surname unknown, from Lanshi, Nanhai County (present-day Nanhai District, Foshan City). Her husband's surname was Liang. In the Gengyin year (1650, the seventh year of the Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty), when the city fell, this woman vowed she would certainly die. She took out two small knives, gave one to her husband, and carried the other herself. Not long after, soldiers arrived at Lanshi, and her husband was killed. After watching her husband being properly encoffined, the woman took the knife she carried and cut herself. Her mother-in-law (or paternal aunt) cried out in alarm, saw that her throat was not completely cut, and wanted to apply medicine. The woman quickly cut again, ensuring her death. These two incidents are similar. I (Qu Dajun) composed the "Ballad of the Double Blades" (Shuang Ren Cao) to record them. The lyrics say: "Alas, what fiercely virtuous beauties! They knew righteousness but disregarded their own bodies. Holding their throats, they cut once and again, blood scattering profusely upon the ground. At night there is light, but it is not the blue phosphorescence of spirits; it is the Lord of Ghosts embracing them as they knock at the gates of Heaven!"

文化解读/分析

本条目通过记述番禺谢玉华和南海某氏两位女性的刚烈事迹，再次强化了《广东新语·女语》中对女性“贞烈”的推崇。谢玉华的故事聚焦于“守节”，即丈夫去世后誓不改嫁，并以极端方式（归宁途中自刎，且在被救后“再割而瞑”）维护自己的誓言，反抗可能来自家庭的再嫁压力。南海某氏的故事则发生在战乱背景下，她与丈夫预备一同赴死以保全名节（“誓决一死”，“取二小刀，一与夫，一以自佩”），在丈夫遇害后，她完成了丈夫的殓葬，然后毅然自尽，同样在未死之际“亟再割以死”。这两则故事都被屈大均视为“相类”，其共同点在于女性为了维护儒家伦理所要求的“义”（贞节、忠诚）而表现出的超乎寻常的决心和行动力，她们都选择了主动、坚决甚至惨烈的死亡方式，尤其是“再割”的细节，极大地突出了其意志的坚定。屈大均所作的《双刃操》不仅是对她们行为的赞颂，更将其提升至感动神明的高度（“鬼伯抱持兮叩天阍”），认为她们的“烈烈”之举符合最高道德标准，其英魂能升入天界。这反映了明清易代之际，社会动荡加剧了传统伦理观念的强化，女性的身体成为承载和展现忠、孝、节、义等价值的重要场域。这些记载是研究当时社会价值观、女性生存状态、贞节观念以及战乱影响的宝贵资料。

关键词

谢氏、谢玉华、番禺、市桥、曹世兴、守节、贞节、自刎、南海、兰石、梁氏、庚寅、清初、殉节、双刃操、屈大均、广东新语、女语、烈女、儒家伦理、岭南文化、女性史