原文

李子长墓，在西樵云路村。其碑曰：“明抱真先生李子子长之墓。”霍文敏公所书也。子长，顺德人，名孔修。初赴省试，以搜简过严，叹曰：“此岂朝廷所以待士耶！”掷砚而去。今贡院右，有掷砚亭存焉。常从白沙先生问学，得无欲之旨，操行廉洁，人不可得而衣食之。布政使朱英饷米二十余石，固辞不获，乃悉举所有瓶、盎、盘、匜之属以贮米，才容一二石许，余则不受。遇空辄画猫儿卖之，毛骨如生，鼠见惊走。其山水、翎毛亦精绝，人争宝重，然皆不肯多画。平居大帽深衣，入夜不解，闭户静默，人希见其颜面。间出，则市人环观，以为异物。举止雍容，择地乃蹈，遇雨辄拱手徐行。人曰：“先生何不趋，雨泷冻透衣矣。”曰：“前路岂无雨耶？”行益从容。人皆笑之。至今广人言迂拙者，犹曰子长子长云。尝诣县输粮，令见其容止有异，问姓名，弗答，第拱手。令叱之，则再拱手，令怒以为不逊，笞之五，竟无一言而出。白沙戏之曰：“如何叉两手，刚被长官笞。”传者以为美谈。晚于道深造，年九十余，无疾卒。文敏葬之西樵，称曰：“白沙抗节振世之志，惟子长、谢佑不失。”或问子长废人有诸？陈庸曰：“子长诚废，则颜子诚愚矣。”佑，字天锡，南海人。亦早弃诸生，从白沙游，安贫味道，人称为二高。子长无子，今西樵人以祭于社，为社师。

白话

中文

李子长的墓，位于西樵山的云路村。墓碑上写着：“明朝抱真先生李子子长之墓”，这是霍韬（谥号文敏）所书写的。子长是顺德人，名叫李孔修。当初他去参加省试（乡试），因为搜查过于严格，感叹道：“这难道是朝廷对待读书人的方式吗！”于是扔掉砚台就离开了。如今广州贡院右边，还存有一座掷砚亭。他曾跟随陈献章（号白沙先生）求学，领悟了清心寡欲的要旨，品行廉洁，别人无法用物质来供养或拉拢他。布政使朱英赠送他二十多石米，他坚决推辞不掉，就把家里所有的瓶、罐、盘、盆等器皿都拿出来装米，结果只能装下一两石左右，剩下的就不肯再收了。空闲时他就画猫来卖，画的猫毛发骨骼栩栩如生，老鼠见了都会惊吓逃跑。他画的山水、鸟类也极为精妙，人们争相珍藏，但他总是不肯多画。平时他戴着大帽子，穿着长袍，到了晚上也不脱下，总是关着门安静独处，人们很少能见到他的容貌。偶尔出门，集市上的人们会围观他，觉得他是个奇特的人物。他行为举止从容不迫，走路时会选择干净的地方才下脚，遇到下雨天就拱着手慢慢行走。有人问他：“先生为什么不快走，雨水会湿透衣服的。”他回答说：“前面的路上难道就没有雨吗？”走得更加从容。人们都笑话他。至今广东人形容行为迂腐笨拙的人，还会说“子长子长”。他曾经到县衙缴纳粮食税，县令见他容貌举止奇特，问他姓名，他不回答，只是拱手行礼。县令呵斥他，他就再次拱手。县令发怒，认为他不恭敬，下令打了他五板子，他最终也没说一句话就离开了。陈白沙先生跟他开玩笑说：“为何只是拱拱手，却被长官打了板子呢？”传述这件事的人都认为是一段佳话。李子长晚年在道学上造诣很深，活到九十多岁，无病而终。霍韬将他安葬在西樵山，并称赞说：“白沙先生那种坚守节操、激励世人的志向，只有李子长和谢佑没有失去。”有人问李子长是不是个（不合时宜的）怪人？陈庸回答说：“如果子长真是怪人，那么（孔子的弟子）颜回就真是愚笨了。”谢佑，字天锡，是南海人。他也很早就放弃了科举仕途，跟随陈白沙游学，安于贫困，体味道的乐趣，当时人们称李子长和谢佑为“二高”（两位高士）。李子长没有子嗣，如今西樵山的人在祭祀土地神（社）的时候会一起祭祀他，将他奉为“社师”。

英文

Li Zizhang's tomb is located in Yunlu Village at Mount Xiqiao. The tombstone inscription reads: "Tomb of Master Baozhen (Holding True), Li Zi Zizhang, of the Ming Dynasty," written by Duke Wenmin, Huo Tao. Zizhang, a native of Shunde, was named Li Kongxiu. When he initially went to take the provincial examination, he found the search procedures excessively strict and lamented, "Is this how the imperial court treats scholars?" He then threw down his inkstone and left. Today, to the right of the Provincial Examination Hall (Gongyuan) in Guangzhou, there still exists the Inkstone-Throwing Pavilion (Zhiyan Ting). He often studied under Master Baisha (Chen Xianzhang) and grasped the principle of desirelessness. His conduct was incorruptible; people could not sway him with material support. When Provincial Administration Commissioner Zhu Ying offered him over twenty dan of rice, he firmly refused but couldn't decline entirely. He then gathered all the bottles, jars, plates, and basins he owned to store the rice, which could only hold about one or two dan; he refused to accept the rest. In his leisure time, he would paint cats to sell. The cats' fur and bones were so lifelike that real mice would reportedly flee in fright upon seeing them. His landscape and bird-and-flower paintings were also exquisite, and people eagerly sought to treasure them, but he was always unwilling to paint many. He usually wore a large hat and a long robe, which he did not remove even at night. He kept his door closed in quiet solitude, and people rarely saw his face. When he occasionally went out, townspeople would gather around to look at him, considering him an oddity. His demeanor was composed and graceful; he would choose his steps carefully. When it rained, he would cup his hands and walk slowly. Someone asked him, "Master, why don't you hurry? The rain will soak your clothes." He replied, "Is there no rain on the road ahead?" And he walked even more unhurriedly. Everyone laughed at him. To this day, when people in Guangdong speak of someone pedantic or awkward, they still say "Zizhang, Zizhang." Once, he went to the county office to pay his grain tax. The magistrate, seeing his unusual appearance and bearing, asked his name. He did not answer, merely cupping his hands in a salute. The magistrate reprimanded him, and he cupped his hands again. The magistrate became angry, deeming him disrespectful, and had him caned five times. He left without uttering a single word. Master Baisha jokingly said to him, "How is it that you just cupped your hands twice, yet got caned by the official?" Those who recounted this story considered it an admirable anecdote. In his later years, Li Zizhang achieved profound understanding of the Dao. He lived past ninety and died peacefully without illness. Huo Tao buried him at Mount Xiqiao, praising, "Only Zizhang and Xie You did not lose Master Baisha's spirit of upholding integrity to inspire the world." Someone asked if Zizhang was an eccentric (or 'useless') person. Chen Yong replied, "If Zizhang was indeed eccentric, then Yan Hui (Confucius's favorite disciple) was truly foolish." Xie You, courtesy name Tianxi, was from Nanhai. He too abandoned the path of imperial examinations early on, followed Master Baisha, lived contentedly in poverty while savoring the Dao. People referred to them as the "Two Lofty Ones" (Er Gao). Li Zizhang had no children. Today, the people of Xiqiao offer sacrifices to him along with the local earth deity, regarding him as a "Master of the She Shrine" (Sheshi).

文化解读/分析

此条目详细记述了明代广东顺德籍学者、画家李孔修（字子长）的生平轶事、性格特点及其墓葬情况，具有丰富的文化内涵：

1. 士人风骨与特立独行：李子长是一位典型的具有独立人格和风骨的明代士人。他因不满科举考试的严格搜查而“掷砚而去”，体现了对士人尊严的维护和对僵化制度的抗议。其生活方式（“大帽深衣”、“闭户静默”）、行为举止（“择地乃蹈”、“遇雨徐行”）以及与官府的互动（拒收厚礼、受笞不语），都展现了他超脱世俗、特立独行的个性，以及对内心准则的坚守。
2. 师承与哲学思想：师从岭南大儒陈献章（白沙先生），李子长深受其心学思想影响，追求“无欲之旨”，强调内心的修养与廉洁的操守。“人不可得而衣食之”正是其廉洁自持、不为外物所动的体现。他的行为看似“迂拙”，实则蕴含着一种顺应自然、不为外境所迫的哲学态度（如雨中慢行）。陈庸将其与颜回相比，意在说明其“废”或“迂”并非愚钝，而是大智若愚，是更高层次的德行表现。
3. 艺术成就与文人情趣：李子长不仅是学者，也是技艺精湛的画家，尤擅画猫，“毛骨如生，鼠见惊走”，足见其功力。山水、翎毛亦佳，但“不肯多画”，反映了文人画的特点——并非为谋生或迎合市场，更多是个人性情和志趣的抒发。画猫或许也寄寓了他孤高、独立的性格。
4. 社会评价与身后影响：尽管在世时被一些人视为“异物”和“迂拙”的代表（甚至成为形容词“子长子长”），但李子长得到了如霍韬（高官、学者）、陈白沙（恩师）、陈庸等人的高度评价和尊重。霍韬将其与谢佑并称为能继承白沙先生“抗节振世之志”者，评价极高。他死后被安葬于名山（西樵山），且被当地百姓奉为“社师”与土地神同祭，说明其德行和特殊人格最终赢得了民间的普遍敬仰，从“异物”升华为地方守护神式的存在。
5. 地方文化印记：“掷砚亭”和“子长子长”的俗语，以及西樵山的墓葬和祭祀活动，都成为广东地方文化中与李子长相关的具体印记，使这位历史人物及其所代表的精神得以流传。

关键词

李子长墓, 李孔修, 抱真先生, 西樵山, 云路村, 顺德, 明代, 霍韬, 陈献章, 白沙先生, 掷砚亭, 广东新语, 屈大均, 隐士, 学者, 画家, 猫画, 心学, 无欲, 廉洁, 迂拙, 谢佑, 二高, 社师