原文

孝女毕氏，番禺毕村人。甲寅夏，兵往花山剿贼，掠得之，杀其父母，系女以行。女中夜抽刀杀兵，割截肢体，弃池中。天明，众从女索兵，女绐以上山射生未返。一日见断尸浮出，问之，女曰："是兵杀吾父母，吾故杀之以报雠，死今无憾。"其帅欲释之，诸将不可，乃射一矢以死。随殓之，葬于山麓。予铭其墓曰："古有庞娥，亦有缑玉。手刃亲雠，白茅无辱。女不共天，以雠为肉。大却大窾，批导惟欲。割之折之，游刃于族。散弃大軱，髓于沟渎。父母有神，謋然而速。动刀甚微，踌躇志足。一矢见射，以报鞠育。有岿哀丘，花山之麓。上啼母乌，下鸣麑鹿。中有婵娟，年可十六。魂魄毅然，鬼雄蒲服。"

白话

中文

孝女毕氏，是番禺县毕村人。甲寅年（清康熙十三年，1674年）夏天，有军队前往花山一带剿匪，掳掠了她，并且杀害了她的父母，然后把她捆绑着带走。这个女孩在半夜抽出刀杀死了看守她的士兵，将尸体肢解，扔进了池塘里。天亮后，士兵们向女孩追问那个失踪士兵的下落，女孩谎称他上山打猎还没回来。有一天，被肢解的尸体从池塘里浮了出来，众人审问她，女孩回答说：“是这个士兵杀害了我的父母，所以我杀了他来报仇，现在即使死了也没有遗憾了。”他们的将帅想要释放她，但其他的将领们不同意，于是用箭射死了她。随后收殓了她的尸体，安葬在山脚下。我（屈大均）为她的墓写了铭文，内容是：“古代有（为父报仇的）庞娥，也有（为父报仇的）缑玉。她们亲手杀死了杀害亲人的仇敌，没有玷污纯洁的名声。这位孝女也与仇敌不共戴天，视仇敌的血肉为报复的对象。（如同庖丁解牛般）顺着骨节间的空隙劈砍，随心所欲地引导刀锋。切割他、折断他，刀刃在筋骨间运转自如。将大块的骨肉分散抛弃，让骨髓流散在沟渠之中。她父母的神灵在天，（见此报仇）一定迅捷地感到欣慰。她动刀复仇的决心十分坚定，从容不迫地实现了心愿。最终被一箭射死，（可以说是）用生命报答了父母的养育之恩。在这花山的山脚下，有一座巍峨的坟冢令人哀伤。坟上空有慈乌（象征孝道）啼叫，坟下有幼鹿悲鸣。坟中安眠着一位美丽的少女，年纪大约十六岁。她的魂魄刚毅不屈，连鬼中的英雄也要在她面前降服。”

英文

The Filial Daughter Bi was from Bi Village in Panyu County. In the summer of the Jia Yin year (1674, the 13th year of the Kangxi reign), soldiers heading to Huashan Mountain to suppress rebels captured her, killed her parents, and took her away bound. In the middle of the night, the girl drew a knife, killed the soldier guarding her, dismembered his body, and threw the parts into a pond. At dawn, the other soldiers asked the girl about the missing soldier; she lied, saying he had gone hunting in the mountains and hadn't returned. One day, the dismembered corpse floated to the surface of the pond. When questioned, the girl replied: "This soldier killed my parents, so I killed him for revenge. Now, even if I die, I have no regrets." Their commander wanted to release her, but the other generals disagreed. Thus, she was executed by being shot with an arrow. Afterwards, her body was collected and buried at the foot of the mountain. I (Qu Dajun) inscribed her tomb, saying: "In antiquity, there was Pang E, and also Gou Yu (both known for avenging their parents). They personally slew their family's enemies, their pure reputations untarnished. This filial daughter also could not live under the same sky as her enemy, treating the enemy's flesh as the object of her vengeance. (Like the skilled butcher Ding) striking at the large joints and cavities, guiding the blade as she wished. Cutting and breaking him, the blade moved effortlessly through his parts. Scattering the large pieces of flesh and bone, letting the marrow flow into the ditches. Her parents' spirits in heaven must have been swiftly gratified. Her resolve in using the knife for revenge was firm; she fulfilled her goal with composure. Finally shot by an arrow, (it can be said) she repaid the nurturing of her parents with her life. Here, at the foot of Huashan Mountain, stands a towering, sorrowful mound. Above it cry the mother crows (symbolizing filial piety), below bleat the young deer. Within rests a beautiful young woman, about sixteen years old. Her spirit is resolute and unyielding; even heroes among ghosts would submit before her."

文化解读/分析

此条目记述了番禺毕氏孝女为父母报仇而杀兵，最终被处死的故事，深刻体现了中国传统文化中的核心价值观与社会伦理观念。

1. 孝道至上：“孝”是儒家伦理的核心，为父母复仇在传统观念中被视为子女应尽的最高道德义务之一，有时甚至可以超越法律的约束。“父母之仇，不共戴天”，毕氏女的行为正是这种极端孝道的体现。她的行为虽然血腥暴力，但在当时的伦理框架下，其动机被高度认可，甚至被屈大均这样的文人所颂扬。
2. 复仇文化：中国传统社会存在着浓厚的复仇观念，尤其是为父、为君复仇被认为是正义之举。毕氏女“手刃亲雠”的行为，被屈大均比作古代著名的复仇烈女庞娥、缑玉，将其纳入了“烈女”的谱系，赋予其道德上的正当性。将帅欲释之而诸将不允的情节，也反映了道德情感与军法/国法之间的张力。
3. 悲剧性与道德颂扬：毕氏女的命运是悲剧性的，她在国仇家恨交织的乱世（甲寅年正值三藩之乱时期，社会动荡）中失去了父母，最终自己也付出了生命的代价。然而，她的死并没有被视为简单的罪犯伏法，而是被升华为一种道德上的殉难——“以报鞠育”。屈大均的铭文充满了对其刚烈性格、复仇决心和不屈精神的赞美（“魂魄毅然，鬼雄蒲服”），意在使其事迹流传后世，作为道德楷模。
4. 地方性与历史印记：事件明确发生在广东番禺毕村和花山，具有强烈的地方色彩。孝女墓作为实体存在（“有岿哀丘，花山之麓”），成为承载这段地方记忆的物理载体，是地方历史和民间传说的一部分。屈大均的记载和铭文，则将这一地方性的悲剧故事提升到了更广泛的文化讨论层面。
5. 性别视角下的突破与局限：一位十六岁的少女，实施如此残酷的肢解复仇，本身就极具冲击力，突破了传统社会对女性柔弱、顺从的刻板印象。她的行为被认可，是基于“孝”这一超越性别的最高道德原则。然而，她的结局依然是被权力处死，显示了在强大的体制力量面前，个体（尤其是女性）即使占据道德高地，也往往难以改变自身命运。

总而言之，“孝女墓”的故事及其铭文，不仅记录了一桩惨烈的复仇事件，更集中反映了传统中国社会关于孝道、复仇、忠烈、性别以及道德与法律冲突的复杂观念，是研究岭南地方历史、社会伦理和民俗信仰的重要材料。

关键词

孝女, 毕氏, 番禺, 毕村, 花山, 甲寅, 清初, 三藩之乱, 孝道, 报仇, 复仇, 烈女, 杀兵, 殉难, 墓葬, 屈大均, 广东新语, 坟语, 墓铭, 民俗, 传说, 地方历史, 儒家伦理, 道德