原文

南越武王赵佗，相传葬广州禺山，自鸡笼冈北至天井，连山接岭，皆称佗墓。《交广春秋》云：佗生有奉制称藩之书，死有秘异神密之墓。是也。孙权尝遣交州从事吴瑜访之，莫知所在。独得明王婴齐墓，掘之，玉匣珠襦，黄金为饰，有玉玺金印三十六，铜剑三，烂若龙文。而文王胡墓亦莫知其处。佗墓后有大冈，秦时占者言有天子气，始皇遣使者凿破此冈，深至二十余丈，流血数日。今凿处形似马鞍，名马鞍冈。其脉从南岳至于大庾，从大庾至于白云，千余里间，为危峰大嶂者数百计。来龙既远，形势雄大，固宜偏霸之气所钟也。冈南至禺山二十里，禺山南至番山五里，二山相属如长城。南控溟海，木棉松柏刺桐之属，一望葱青，实为灵穴之所结，故佗墓营焉。自南汉刘䶮铲平二山，积石于番为朝元洞，积沉香于禺为清虚台，而地脉中断，然霸气亦时时郁勃。元至正间，广州人林桂芳兵起，称罗平国。南海人欧南喜兵起称王。又至元间，增城人朱光卿兵起，称大金国。他如邵宗愚、王成辈，争战纷纭，么麽草窃。是皆以东粤天险，绝五岭，通二洋，可以纂赵、刘之业而抗中原也。独东莞何真，灼知天命有归，不敢妄为一州之主以祸生民，诚为识时俊杰也者。洪武初，永嘉侯朱亮祖戡定南粤，于越秀山巅建望楼，高二十余丈，以压其气，历二百余年，清平无事。黄萧养僣称齐帝，即位五羊驿馆，逾月而亡，盖其验焉。岭南形势，盖与曩时大异，风气既开，峤路四达，梅关横隘，车马周行，泷水漓川，舟航交下，虽有强兵劲马，戍守不给，一夫夺险，势若山崩矣。

白话

中文

南越武王赵佗，相传安葬在广州的禺山一带。从鸡笼冈往北一直到天井一带，连绵的山岭都被认为是赵佗的墓地。《交广春秋》说：赵佗生前有尊奉朝廷命令、称臣藩属的文书，死后则有神秘奇异、深藏不露的坟墓。确实如此。三国时孙权曾派遣交州从事吴瑜去寻找赵佗墓，但没能找到具体位置。只找到了南越明王赵婴齐的墓，挖掘后发现有玉衣、珍珠镶嵌的衣物，用黄金作为装饰，还有玉玺、金印三十六枚，铜剑三把，纹饰灿烂如同龙纹。而南越文王赵胡的墓也不知道在哪里。赵佗墓的后面有一座大山冈，秦朝时有占卜的人说这里有天子之气，秦始皇就派使者凿断了这座山冈，凿深达二十多丈，据说凿开处流了数日的血。如今被凿开的地方形状像马鞍，所以叫做马鞍冈。这里的山脉龙脉从南岳衡山延伸到大庾岭，再从大庾岭延伸到白云山，绵延一千多里，期间有数百座险峻的高峰和巨大的山岭。龙脉来源既远，地势又雄伟壮阔，自然是凝聚一方霸主之气的地方。马鞍冈往南二十里是禺山，禺山再往南五里是番山，这两座山相连如同长城。南边控制着大海，山上长满了木棉树、松树、柏树、刺桐树等，望去一片葱郁青翠，实在是灵气汇聚的宝地，所以赵佗选择在这里营建陵墓。自从南汉刘䶮铲平了番禺二山，在番山堆积石头建成朝元洞，在禺山堆积沉香木建成清虚台之后，地脉就被中断了，然而（这里的）霸气还是时常会勃发出来。元朝至正年间，广州人林桂芳起兵，自称罗平国。南海人欧南喜起兵称王。又在元朝年间，增城人朱光卿起兵，自称大金国。其他像邵宗愚、王成等人，也纷起争战，都是些小规模的草寇。这些人都是认为广东东部地势险要，隔绝五岭，连通南海和太平洋，可以继承赵佗、刘䶮的霸业来对抗中原朝廷。唯独东莞人何真，清楚地知道天命有所归属，不敢妄自称霸一方而祸害百姓，实在是识时务的俊杰。明朝洪武初年，永嘉侯朱亮祖平定南粤后，在越秀山顶修建了一座二十多丈高的望楼，用来镇压此地的霸气，此后二百多年间，地方太平无事。后来黄萧养僭越称帝，在五羊驿馆登基，一个多月就灭亡了，大概就是望楼镇压有效的明证。如今岭南的地理形势，大概与过去大不相同了，风气已经开放，山路四通八达，梅关、横隘等要道，车马可以通行无阻，泷水、漓江等河流，船只可以来往下行，即使有强大的兵力和精良的马匹，防守也难以周全，一旦有人占据险要之地，（叛乱）势头就会像山崩一样迅猛了。

英文

Zhao Tuo, King Wu of Nanyue, is traditionally said to be buried near Mount Yu in Guangzhou. The area stretching from Jilong Gang (Chicken Cage Ridge) north to Tianjing (Well Head) consists of continuous mountains and ridges, all considered part of Tuo's tomb complex. The Jiao Guang Chunqiu (Spring and Autumn Annals of Jiaozhou and Guangzhou) states: "During his life, Tuo submitted memorials acknowledging vassalage; after death, he had a secret, wondrous, and mysterious tomb." This is indeed the case. During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Quan dispatched Wu Yu, an official from Jiaozhou, to search for it, but its exact location could not be found. They only managed to find the tomb of Zhao Yingqi, King Ming of Nanyue. Upon excavation, they discovered a jade burial suit, garments adorned with pearls, gold decorations, thirty-six jade seals and gold seals, and three bronze swords with intricate patterns resembling dragons. However, the tomb of Zhao Hu, King Wen, also remains undiscovered. Behind Zhao Tuo's supposed tomb area lies a large ridge. During the Qin Dynasty, diviners claimed it possessed an "emperor's aura" (tianzi qi). Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent envoys to cut through this ridge, digging over twenty zhang (approx. 60-70 meters) deep. It is said that blood flowed from the cut for several days. Today, the excavated area resembles a saddle and is named Ma'an Gang (Saddle Ridge). The mountain range's "dragon vein" extends from Mount Heng (Southern Marchmount) to the Dayu Range, and from Dayu to Mount Baiyun, spanning over a thousand li, comprising hundreds of perilous peaks and massive ridges. With such a distant origin and imposing topography, it was naturally a place where the aura of a regional hegemon would converge. Twenty li south of the ridge is Mount Yu, and five li south of Mount Yu is Mount Pan; these two mountains connect like a great wall. To the south, they command the vast sea. Kapok trees, pines, cypresses, and coral trees cover the slopes in lush greenery, truly forming a spiritually potent site (ling xue), which is why Zhao Tuo built his tomb there. After Liu Yan of the Southern Han dynasty leveled Mounts Pan and Yu, piling stones on Pan to build the Chaoyuan Cave and accumulating agarwood on Yu to build the Qingxu Terrace, the earth's veins (di mai) were severed. Nevertheless, the hegemonic aura still occasionally surged. During the Zhizheng era of the Yuan Dynasty, Lin Guifang of Guangzhou rose in rebellion, proclaiming the state of Luoping. Ou Nanxi of Nanhai also rebelled and declared himself king. Also during the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Guangqing of Zengcheng rebelled, proclaiming the Great Jin state. Others like Shao Zongyu and Wang Cheng also engaged in incessant warfare, though they were minor rebels. All these figures believed that Eastern Guangdong's strategic terrain, isolated by the Five Ridges and connecting two oceans, allowed them to emulate the enterprises of Zhao Tuo and Liu Yan and resist the Central Plains. Only He Zhen of Dongguan clearly understood where the Mandate of Heaven lay and dared not rashly claim lordship over a prefecture to the detriment of the people; he was truly a hero who understood the times. In the early Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Liangzu, Marquis of Yongjia, pacified Southern Yue and built a watchtower over twenty zhang high atop Mount Yuexiu to suppress the region's aura. For the following two hundred years, the region enjoyed peace. When Huang Xiaoyang later usurped the title of Emperor Qi and ascended the throne at the Wuyang Courier Station, he perished within a month – likely proof of the watchtower's effectiveness. The strategic situation of Lingnan today is likely very different from the past. With increased openness, mountain roads now extend in all directions, carts and horses travel freely through Meiguan Pass and Heng'ai Pass, and boats navigate up and down the泷 (Long) and 漓 (Li) rivers. Even with strong troops and swift horses, defense is difficult. If one person seizes a strategic point, the momentum (of rebellion) could be like a landslide.

文化解读/分析

此条目围绕南越王赵佗墓展开，融合了历史记载、地理形势、风水观念、民间传说和政治评述，具有多重文化意义和民俗价值：

1. 历史记忆与地方认同：赵佗是岭南历史上极具影响力的人物，其墓葬作为重要的历史遗迹，承载着地方的历史记忆。屈大均通过引述文献和传说，强调赵佗墓的神秘性和重要性，巩固了赵佗作为岭南“开基之祖”的地位，增强了地方认同感。
2. 风水观念与政治地理：文章详细描述了赵佗墓（及越秀山一带）的地理形势和“龙脉”，并将其与“天子气”、“霸气”联系起来。秦始皇凿山断脉、南汉刘䶮平山改建、明初朱亮祖建镇海楼（望楼）镇压等行为，都反映了中国传统文化中根深蒂固的风水观念，即地理环境能够影响王朝兴衰和地方势力消长。统治者试图通过改变地理形貌来控制或削弱地方的“王气”，维护中央集权。
3. 传说与现实的交织：关于赵佗墓的具体位置、秦始皇凿山流血、孙权遣人寻墓不得、掘婴齐墓得宝等记述，多带有传说色彩。这些传说为赵佗墓增添了神秘感，也反映了民间对这位“南下干部第一人”及其建立的南越国的想象。屈大均将这些传说与元末明初岭南地区的动荡和起义联系起来，试图用风水理论解释历史事件，体现了传统士人融合神秘主义与现实政治的思维方式。
4. 时代变迁与战略思考：文末对明末清初岭南地理形势变化的描述（交通便利、防守困难），反映了作者对当时社会现实的观察和对地方战略地位的思考。与过去“天险”的认知不同，作者认为风气开放和交通改善使得岭南更易受到外部影响，也更容易发生动乱，提示了新的治理挑战。
5. 民俗价值：该条目记录了与赵佗墓相关的地名（禺山、番山、马鞍冈、越秀山）、传说（凿山流血、寻墓不得）、风水信仰（龙脉、天子气、镇压）以及相关的历史事件（历代起义、建楼镇压），是研究广州地方史、民间信仰、风水文化以及历史地理观念的重要资料。它展示了历史人物、地理环境和政治权力如何在地方文化和民众记忆中相互作用。

关键词

赵佗墓, 南越武王, 广州, 禺山, 番山, 越秀山, 马鞍冈, 风水, 龙脉, 天子气, 霸气, 秦始皇, 孙权, 刘䶮, 朱亮祖, 镇海楼, 岭南历史, 民间传说, 地理形势, 何真, 黄萧养