原文

任嚣墓，在南海县西北二里，墓上旧有庙，今无。今镇海楼左，但有三君祠一区，祀嚣及赵佗、陆贾耳。当始皇时，南海尉屠雎以苛法钳制粤人，粤人不服，乘秦人疲惰，潜出奇兵攻之，遂破五军。嚣至，抚绥有道，不敢以秦虎狼之威，复加荒裔，于是民夷稍稍安辑。当是时，秦北有蒙恬，威詟漠庭，南有任嚣，恩洽扬越，而始皇乃得以自安。其后项、刘并起，豪杰纷争，莫知所向。而甘公乃教张耳曰：汉王之入关也，五星聚东井。东井者，秦分也，先至必霸。自甘公此说一倡，而天下皆归心汉矣。嚣亦善识天文，能知五星余气及越门为南方偏霸之象，卒教尉佗成其业。故张耳之归汉也以甘公，而富贵数世，尉佗之自立也以任嚣。而享国五传，是皆以天文决之。

光孝寺后有楚冢，宋时有发之得宝玉剑佩之类。予疑楚冢即任嚣冢。盖嚣墓相传在南海县治西北二里，光孝寺正其地也。

白话

中文

任嚣的墓，位于南海县城西北二里的地方，墓上原本建有祠庙，现在已经没有了。如今在镇海楼的左边，只有一个三君祠，里面供奉着任嚣、赵佗和陆贾。在秦始皇时期，南海郡尉屠雎用严酷的法令压制越人，越人不服，趁着秦军疲惫松懈时，秘密派出奇兵攻打，最终击败了秦朝的五路军队。任嚣到任后，安抚治理很有方法，不敢再用秦朝像虎狼一般凶残的威势施加于边远地区的民众，于是当地百姓和少数民族逐渐安定下来。那时候，秦朝北边有蒙恬威震匈奴，南边有任嚣恩泽广布于扬州和越地，秦始皇才得以安稳。后来项羽、刘邦同时起兵，各路豪杰纷纷争夺天下，人们不知该归附何方。而甘公（甘德）就告诉张耳说：“汉王刘邦进入关中的时候，五大行星汇聚在东井星宿区域。东井是秦地的分野，谁先到达谁就能称霸。”自从甘公提出这个说法后，天下人心都归向了汉朝。任嚣也精通观察天象，能知道五星运行的余气到达越地分野（对应南方的星宿）是南方出现割据称霸的征兆，最终指点赵佗成就了（南越国）基业。所以张耳归顺汉朝是听从了甘公的建议，因而富贵了好几代；赵佗能够自立为王是听从了任嚣的教导，因而南越国传承了五代。这些都是根据天象来决定的。

光孝寺后面有一座古墓（原文作“楚冢”），宋朝时曾有人挖掘，得到了宝玉、宝剑、佩饰之类的物品。我（屈大均）怀疑这座古墓就是任嚣的墓。因为任嚣墓相传在南海县治所西北二里的地方，而光孝寺正好就在那个位置。

英文

Ren Xiao's tomb is located two li northwest of Nanhai County. There used to be a temple on the tomb, but it no longer exists. Today, to the left of the Zhenhai Tower, there is only a Sanjun Shrine (Three Lords Shrine), enshrining Ren Xiao, Zhao Tuo, and Lu Jia. During the reign of the First Emperor of Qin, Tu Sui, the Commandant of Nanhai, used harsh laws to suppress the Yue people. The Yue people refused to submit. Taking advantage of the Qin army's fatigue and laxity, they secretly dispatched surprise troops to attack, ultimately defeating the Qin's five armies. When Ren Xiao arrived, he governed with effective appeasement methods. He dared not impose the tyrannical might of Qin, like that of tigers and wolves, upon the people in the remote frontier regions again. Consequently, the local Han people and ethnic minorities gradually settled down in peace. At that time, Qin had Meng Tian in the north, whose power awed the Xiongnu, and Ren Xiao in the south, whose benevolence extended throughout Yangzhou and the Yue lands. Only then could the First Emperor feel secure. Later, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang rose simultaneously, and heroes contended fiercely, leaving people uncertain about whom to follow. Then, Master Gan (Gan De) advised Zhang Er, saying: "When the King of Han (Liu Bang) entered the Pass, the five planets converged in the Dongjing (Well) constellation. Dongjing corresponds to the Qin region. Whoever arrives first will become the hegemon." Since Master Gan proposed this view, the hearts of the people under Heaven turned towards Han. Ren Xiao was also skilled in observing celestial phenomena. He knew that the residual influence of the five planets reaching the celestial gate of Yue (corresponding southern constellations) signified the rise of a regional hegemon in the south. Ultimately, he guided Zhao Tuo to establish his (Nanyue) kingdom. Therefore, Zhang Er submitted to Han because of Master Gan, and his family enjoyed wealth and honor for several generations. Zhao Tuo established himself independently because of Ren Xiao, and his kingdom (Nanyue) lasted for five generations. These outcomes were determined by celestial phenomena.

Behind Guangxiao Temple, there is an ancient tomb (referred to as "Chu tomb" in the original text). During the Song Dynasty, someone excavated it and found treasures like jade, swords, and pendants. I (Qu Dajun) suspect that this ancient tomb is actually Ren Xiao's tomb. This is because Ren Xiao's tomb is traditionally said to be located two li northwest of the Nanhai County seat, and Guangxiao Temple is precisely in that location.

文化解读/分析

此条目记述了秦朝南海郡尉任嚣的墓地及其相关历史与传说，具有多重文化和民俗价值：

1. 历史记忆与地方认同：任嚣是秦末汉初开发岭南的关键人物，其采取的相对温和的治理政策对稳定地方、促进民族融合起到了积极作用，并为赵佗建立南越国奠定了基础。屈大均详细记述其墓地位置、祭祀情况（三君祠），并考证其墓冢可能在光孝寺附近，反映了清代广东士人对本土历史人物功绩的追溯与认同，强化了地方历史记忆。
2. 天命观与英雄叙事：屈大均将任嚣劝告赵佗割据岭南自立，与甘公（甘德）以“五星聚东井”的天象劝张耳归汉相提并论，认为两者都是“以天文决之”。这不仅体现了中国古代“天人感应”的普遍观念，即将人间大事与天象变化联系起来，也为任嚣和赵佗的政治抉择赋予了天命的色彩，是古代英雄叙事中常见的模式，增加了历史的神秘感和宿命论意味。
3. 墓葬与祭祀民俗：提及任嚣墓“旧有庙”，以及后来设立“三君祠”合祀任嚣、赵佗、陆贾（汉初说服赵佗归汉的使者），反映了中国古代对有功绩的历史人物立庙祭祀的传统。这种祭祀不仅是对先贤的缅怀，也寄托了后人祈求庇佑、教化民众的意涵。对墓地位置的关注和考证本身也体现了传统文化中对墓葬风水的重视。
4. 考古与文献互证：屈大均根据文献记载和地理方位，推测光孝寺后发现的“楚冢”（古墓）可能为任嚣墓，为后世研究提供了线索。虽然其推测未必准确（“楚冢”可能仅是泛指古墓），但这种结合文献记载、地理信息和考古发现（宋代发掘）进行考证的方法，体现了传统史学研究的特点，为现代考古工作提供了参考。
5. 《广东新语》的编纂特色：该条目融合了地理（墓地位置）、历史（秦末汉初事迹）、人物（任嚣、赵佗等）、民俗（祭祀、天文信仰）和作者考证，展现了《广东新语》作为地方性百科全书包罗万象、兼收并蓄的特点。

关键词

任嚣墓、任嚣、赵佗、陆贾、三君祠、秦始皇、屠雎、南越国、岭南、南海县、镇海楼、光孝寺、楚冢、墓葬、祭祀、天人感应、天文、五星聚东井、屈大均