原文

陈添桂者，海阳人，诸生庄莅之家僮也。莅家海阳龙溪东沟砦，家颇富饶。隆庆二年，巨寇林道乾率众攻砦，砦陷，莅与家人尽匿复垣之内。寇执添桂，诘知为莅家僮也，穷其主所在，以先避郡城为解。寇怒，惧以危言，其对如初。已而断左手，不言。复断右手，亦不言。寇乃更断其首领以去。当是时，莅家人之在复垣者，并闻其语乃受苦楚声甚悉，然不知为支解也。比出，见遇害状异常，相与恸哭。添桂时年十有八，未娶，莅殡之如家人子礼。墓在畸沟田，每伏腊，享祭以报。

白话

中文

陈添桂是海阳县（今潮州市）人，生员庄莅家中的僮仆。庄莅家住海阳县龙溪的东沟砦，家境相当富裕。明朝隆庆二年（1568年），大海寇林道乾率领部众攻打庄家所在的村寨，村寨被攻陷。庄莅和家人全都躲藏在夹墙里面。海寇抓住了陈添桂，盘问后知道他是庄莅家的僮仆，便追问他主人的下落。陈添桂谎称主人事先躲避到郡城去了。海寇发怒，用可怕的话语恐吓他，但他的回答和先前一样。接着，海寇砍断了他的左手，他还是不说。又砍断了他的右手，他依旧不说。海寇于是砍下他的头颅后离去。当时，躲在夹墙里的庄莅家人，都清楚地听到了陈添桂的对话以及受酷刑时的惨叫声，但并不知道他遭受了肢解的酷刑。等到他们出来，看到陈添桂被害的惨状非同一般，都一起放声大哭。陈添桂当时年仅十八岁，还没有娶妻。庄莅按照安葬自家子弟的礼仪安葬了他。他的坟墓在畸沟田那里，每逢伏日和腊日（指夏冬两季的祭祀节日），庄家都会祭祀他以作报答。

英文

Chen Tiangui was a native of Haiyang County (modern-day Chaozhou City) and a servant boy in the household of Zhuang Li, a scholar who had passed the county-level imperial examination. Zhuang Li's family lived in Donggou Fort, Longxi, Haiyang County, and was quite wealthy. In the second year of the Longqing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1568), the notorious pirate Lin Daoqian led his followers to attack the fort. The fort fell, and Zhuang Li and his family hid inside a double wall. The pirates captured Chen Tiangui. After questioning him and learning he was Zhuang Li's servant, they pressed him for his master's whereabouts. Chen Tiangui lied, saying his master had already fled to the prefectural city for safety. The pirates became angry and threatened him with terrifying words, but his answer remained the same. Then, they cut off his left hand, but he did not speak. They cut off his right hand, and still, he did not speak. Finally, the pirates beheaded him and left. At that time, Zhuang Li's family, hiding in the double wall, clearly heard Chen Tiangui's words and his cries of agony under torture, though they did not know he was being dismembered. When they came out and saw the extraordinarily gruesome state of his death, they wept together loudly. Chen Tiangui was only eighteen years old at the time and unmarried. Zhuang Li buried him with the rites befitting a son of the family. His tomb is located in the Jigou field, and Zhuang's family offers sacrifices to him every Furi (dog days of summer) and Lari (end of the lunar year festival) to repay his loyalty.

文化解读/分析

“忠僮陈添桂墓”条目不仅记录了一段明代潮州地区的悲壮地方史事，更深刻体现了传统社会所推崇的“忠义”伦理观念。陈添桂作为一名家僮，在生死关头，面对酷刑，坚守对主人的忠诚，宁死不屈，其行为超越了单纯的主仆雇佣关系，升华到一种人格与道义的高度。庄莅一家对陈添桂“殡之如家人子礼”并“每伏腊，享祭以报”，也反映了主人对这份忠义的感念与回报，展现了特定历史背景下难能可贵的主仆情谊。此事亦折射出明代东南沿海地区倭寇、海寇（如林道乾）横行的社会现实，以及普通民众在动荡时局中的遭遇。将忠义仆人事迹记录立传，并为其立墓祭祀，具有表彰忠烈、进行道德教化的社会功能，同时也使得这段记忆成为地方历史与民间信仰的一部分，其墓冢本身也成为承载忠义精神的文化地标。

关键词

陈添桂, 忠僮, 庄莅, 林道乾, 广东新语, 屈大均, 坟语, 忠义, 主仆关系, 海阳, 潮州, 隆庆, 明代, 海寇, 殉主, 墓葬, 祭祀, 伏腊, 民俗, 地方史