原文
刘䶮墓，在番禺东二十里。其地有南亭、北亭，海潮围绕，中不过十余里。墓在北亭洲旁，疑即昌华苑地也。崇祯九年秋，洲间有雷出，奋而成穴。一田父见之，投以石，空空有声，乃内一雄鸡，夜尽闻鸡鸣。于是率子弟以入。堂宇豁然，珠帘半垂，左右金案玉几备列。有金人十二，举之重各十五六斤。中二金像冕而坐，若王与后，重各五六十斤。旁有学士十八，以白银为之。地皆金蚕珠贝所筑。旁有便房，当窗一宝镜，大径三尺，光烛如白日。宝砚一，砚池中有一玉鱼能游动。碧玉盘一，以水满注其中，有二金鱼影浮出。他珍异物甚众，不可指识。田父先持镜归，光动邻舍。亟扑碎之，有一珠，入夜辄作怪状，惧而弃之。于是邻人觉而争往，遂白邑令。令亟临其地视搜发，令得玉枕一、金人四以归。玉枕作卧虎形，长可尺许，大小珠见风悉化灰土，口含之而出，乃得完好。承棺有黄金砖四。棺既斧碎，有怀其发齿以出者。一碑当穴门中立，辞称："高祖天皇大帝哀册文，翰林学士知制诰正议大夫尚书右丞相紫金袋臣卢应敕撰并书。"其所为大帝者，崩于岁壬寅四月甲寅朔越廿四月丁丑，号为大有十五年，葬以光天元年，陵曰康陵，盖刘䶮墓也。䶮者，清海军节度使刘隐之弟。伪梁常封隐南海王，隐卒，䶮嗣。贞明三年，僣称帝于广州，改元乾亨，国号大越。又明年而更号汉。其九年白龙见，改元白龙。䶮初名俨，至是复改名䶮，以应白龙之祥。又二年，楚师来侵，䶮惧，以《周易》筮之，遇大有，复以大有称元。十有五年而䶮卒，子玢立，改元光天。䶮即俗所称刘岩是也。岩乃俨之亥文也。考《奇名编》，无刘俨名。彼初实名严，后改䶮，其字为俨，故遂讹为俨耳。刘䶮字为严特制，取飞龙在天之义，盖效武后之作曌字。䶮在位，专以惨毒为事，所诛杀粤人，若刈菅草。死后数百年，粤人始得而甘心之。所谓天道好还，非耶！尉佗有功德于民，死葬禺山，人不忍言其故处。仁与不仁之报，盖若是哉！
白话
中文
刘䶮的墓，在番禺县城以东二十里的地方。那地方有南亭、北亭两个地名，被海潮环绕，中间区域不过十多里。墓在北亭洲旁边，（我）怀疑那里就是（南汉）昌华苑的旧址。明朝崇祯九年（1636年）秋天，洲上发生雷击，地上裂开一个洞穴。一个农夫看见了，往里面投石头，听到空洞的回声，于是放进一只公鸡，过了一夜听到鸡叫声。他就带领子弟们进入墓穴。只见墓室殿堂开阔，珍珠串成的帘子半垂着，左右两边陈列着金制的案几和玉制的几桌。有十二个金人，每个举起来大约重十五六斤。中间有两个戴着冠冕坐着的金像，像是帝王和皇后，每个重约五六十斤。旁边有十八个学士像，是用白银铸造的。地面都是用金蚕（一种金饰）、珍珠和贝壳铺砌的。旁边有偏房，窗户对着一面宝镜，直径大约三尺，光芒照射如同白昼。有一方宝砚，砚池里有一条玉鱼能够游动。有一个碧玉盘，往里面注满水，就有两条金鱼的影子浮现出来。其他珍奇的物品很多，无法一一辨认。那个农夫先把宝镜拿回家，镜子的光芒惊动了邻居。他急忙把镜子打碎，里面发现一颗珠子，一到晚上就呈现出怪异的景象，农夫害怕就把它扔掉了。于是邻居们发觉了这件事，争相前往墓穴，随后报告了县令。县令急忙亲自到现场查看并发掘，县令得到一个玉枕、四个金人带了回去。玉枕做成卧虎的形状，长约一尺左右，墓中大小的珍珠一遇到空气（见风）全都化成了灰土，只有含在口中带出来的才能保持完好。棺材下面垫着四块黄金砖。棺材被斧头劈碎后，有人怀揣着墓主人的头发牙齿出来。有一块石碑立在墓穴门口中间，碑文是：“高祖天皇大帝哀册文，翰林学士知制诰正议大夫尚书右丞相紫金袋臣卢应奉敕撰写并书写。”这位被称为大帝的人，死于壬寅年四月甲寅朔（初一）之后的第二十四天丁丑日，当时是（南汉）大有十五年，于光天元年下葬，陵墓称为康陵，这大概就是刘䶮的墓了。刘䶮，是清海军节度使刘隐的弟弟。后梁曾封刘隐为南海王，刘隐死后，刘䶮继承了他的位置。后梁贞明三年（917年），刘䶮在广州僭越称帝，改年号为乾亨，国号大越。第二年又改国号为汉（史称南汉）。乾亨九年（925年）出现白龙，改年号为白龙。刘䶮起初名叫刘俨，到这时又改名为䶮，用来附会白龙出现的祥瑞。又过了两年，楚国的军队来侵犯，刘䶮恐惧，用《周易》占卜，得到大有卦，于是又改用大有作为年号。大有十五年（942年）刘䶮去世，儿子刘玢继位，改年号为光天。刘䶮就是民间俗称的刘岩。岩（岩）其实是俨（俨）字的讹误写法。查考《奇字编》，没有刘俨这个名字。他最初的名字其实是严（严），后来改为䶮（䶮），他的字是（或曾用名是）俨（俨），所以就讹传成了刘俨。刘䶮的“䶮”字是他特意造的，取“飞龙在天”的意思，大概是效仿武则天造“曌”字。刘䶮在位时，专门施行残酷狠毒的政策，所杀害的广东人，就像割除野草一样多。他死后几百年，广东人才得以（通过毁墓）而感到解恨。这难道不就是所谓的“天道好还”（善恶终有报）吗！赵佗对百姓有功德，死后葬在禺山，人们不忍心说出他墓葬的确切地点。仁德与不仁德的报应，大概就是这样吧！
英文
The tomb of Liu Yan (刘䶮) is located twenty li east of Panyu County town. In that area are places named Nanting (South Pavilion) and Beiting (North Pavilion), surrounded by sea tides, with the central area being no more than ten li across. The tomb is beside Beitingzhou (North Pavilion Islet), and I suspect it is the site of the former Changhua Garden (of Southern Han). In the autumn of the 9th year of Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty (1636), lightning struck the islet, forcefully creating a hole in the ground. A farmer saw it, threw a stone into it, and heard a hollow sound. He then put a rooster inside, and heard it crowing after a night. So, he led his sons and workers into the tomb. The chamber hall was spacious, with pearl curtains half-hanging, and gold tables and jade desks arranged on the left and right. There were twelve gold figures, each weighing about fifteen or sixteen jin when lifted. In the center were two gold statues wearing crowns and seated, resembling a king and queen, each weighing about fifty or sixty jin. Beside them were eighteen figures of scholars, made of white silver. The floor was paved with "gold silkworms" (a type of gold ornament), pearls, and shells. There was a side room, where facing the window was a precious mirror, about three chi in diameter, shining as bright as daylight. There was a treasured inkstone, in whose ink pool a jade fish could move. There was a jasper plate; when filled with water, the shadows of two gold fish would emerge. There were many other rare and precious objects, too numerous to identify. The farmer first took the mirror home, but its radiance alarmed the neighbors. He hastily smashed it and found a pearl inside, which exhibited strange phenomena at night. Frightened, he threw it away. Consequently, the neighbors became aware of the matter, rushed to the tomb, and then reported it to the county magistrate. The magistrate quickly went to the site to inspect and excavate. The magistrate obtained a jade pillow and four gold figures to take back. The jade pillow was shaped like a reclining tiger, about a chi in length. The pearls in the tomb, both large and small, all turned to dust upon exposure to air (wind); only those carried out hidden in the mouth remained intact. Beneath the coffin were four gold bricks. After the coffin was chopped apart with an axe, some people left carrying the deceased's hair and teeth. A stone stele stood in the middle of the tomb entrance. Its inscription read: "Eulogy Stele for Emperor Gaozu Tianhuang Dadi. Composed and calligraphed by order by Lu Ying, Hanlin Academician Recipient of Edicts, Grand Master for Proper Consultation, Vice Director of the Right of the Department of State Affairs, Wearer of the Purple Gold Pouch." This emperor passed away on the Dingchou day, the 24th day after the Jiaxu day (1st) of the fourth month in the Renyin year, which was the 15th year of the Dayou reign. He was buried in the 1st year of the Guangtian reign. The mausoleum is called Kangling. This is likely the tomb of Liu Yan. Liu Yan was the younger brother of Liu Yin, the Jiedushi (Military Governor) of Qinghaijun. The Later Liang dynasty had enfeoffed Liu Yin as the King of Nanhai. After Liu Yin's death, Liu Yan succeeded him. In the 3rd year of Zhenming of Later Liang (917 CE), Liu Yan presumptuously declared himself emperor in Guangzhou, changed the reign title to Qianheng, and named the state Dayue. The next year, he changed the state name to Han (historically known as Southern Han). In the 9th year of Qianheng (925 CE), a white dragon appeared, and he changed the reign title to Bailong (White Dragon). Liu Yan's original given name was Yan (俨). At this time, he changed his name again to Yan (䶮) to correspond to the auspicious sign of the white dragon. Two years later, the army of the Chu state invaded. Liu Yan was afraid and consulted the Book of Changes (Yijing) through divination, obtaining the hexagram Dayou (Great Possession). He then changed the reign title again to Dayou. Liu Yan died in the 15th year of Dayou (942 CE). His son Liu Bin (玢) succeeded him and changed the reign title to Guangtian. Liu Yan is commonly known as Liu Yan (岩). Yan (岩) is actually a corrupted form of Yan (俨). Consulting the Qizi Bian (Compilation of Strange Characters), the name Liu Yan (俨) is not found. His initial given name was actually Yan (严), later changed to Yan (䶮), and his courtesy name (or another used name) was Yan (俨), hence the erroneous transmission as Liu Yan (俨). The character Yan (䶮) was specially created by Liu Yan himself, signifying "flying dragon in the heavens," likely imitating Empress Wu Zetian's creation of the character Zhao (曌). During his reign, Liu Yan specialized in cruelty and brutality. The number of Guangdong people he executed was like mowing down weeds. Several hundred years after his death, the people of Guangdong finally felt gratified (through the desecration of his tomb). Is this not what is called "Heaven's way is to return in kind" (karma)? Zhao Tuo rendered meritorious service and showed virtue to the people. He died and was buried at Mount Yu, but people cannot bear to speak of his exact burial place. The retribution for benevolence versus malevolence is indeed like this!
文化解读/分析
此条目详细记述了五代十国时期南汉开国皇帝刘䶮（高祖天皇大帝）的康陵被发现和盗掘的过程，具有丰富的文化与民俗内涵：
- 历史事件的记录与考证：该记载是关于南汉康陵具体位置、发现时间（崇祯九年，1636年）、墓葬形制、随葬品以及最终被毁情况的重要历史文献。屈大均不仅记录了事件经过，还引用碑文内容，考证了墓主身份、卒葬年份、陵号，并对刘䶮的生平、改名、改元等史实进行了梳理，体现了其严谨的史学态度。这对研究南汉历史、尤其是其陵墓制度和物质文化具有极高价值。
- 民间传说与奇闻异事：墓穴的发现方式（雷击成穴）、农夫探墓的经过（投石问路、以鸡试探）、墓内宝物（能动的玉鱼、映出金鱼影的玉盘、光芒慑人的宝镜、遇风化灰的珍珠）等情节，带有浓厚的民间传说色彩。这些细节可能经过流传中的渲染，反映了普通民众对帝王陵墓神秘、富庶的想象，以及对盗墓行为既恐惧又好奇的复杂心态。
- 因果报应的道德评判：屈大均在文末明确提出了“天道好还”的观点，将刘䶮墓被毁视为对其生前残暴统治（“专以惨毒为事，所诛杀粤人，若刈菅草”）的报应，表达了广东民众对其的憎恶和“甘心”。通过对比刘䶮与有功于民、墓地受人保护的赵佗，强调了儒家“仁政”思想和善恶有报的民间信仰。这反映了传统史家借史事进行道德教化的功能，也体现了地方民众对历史人物基于其功过的朴素评价。
- 南汉历史记忆与地方情感：南汉政权在广东历史上以奢靡、酷刑著称，给当地百姓带来深重苦难。康陵的发现与被毁，不仅是一次考古事件，更是一次地方集体记忆的宣泄。屈大均作为广东本地学者，其记述带有明显的情感倾向，反映了清代广东社会对南汉这段历史的负面评价。
- 物质文化与社会风貌：对墓内金银器、珠玉、镜、砚、陈设（珠帘、金案玉几）等的描述，虽然可能存在夸张，但仍可窥见南汉宫廷的奢华以及当时的工艺水平。盗掘过程中的官民反应（农夫私藏、邻人告发、县令介入搜刮），也折射了明末社会的一些侧面。
- 文字学与名号考辨：屈大均对刘䶮名字（严 -> 䶮，字/曾用名 俨，俗称 岩）的考证，以及对其自造“䶮”字（取“飞龙在天”之意，效仿武则天造“曌”）的解释，展现了作者的文字学功底和对名号背后政治意涵的洞察。
关键词
刘䶮、刘岩、南汉、康陵、番禺、北亭、昌华苑、墓葬、盗墓、崇祯、卢应、哀册文、天道好还、因果报应、赵佗、广东历史、五代十国、屈大均、民俗传说、考古发现、金蚕、玉鱼、宝镜