原文

香头坟，在新宁县境。宋末帝舟次厓门，新宁有伍隆起者，以三世受国厚恩，非死不报，于是贡米七千石，率其乡人捍卫。时贼臣张弘范已入广州，隆起奋身与战，累日不沮，潜为其下谢子文所杀，以首投降。丞相陆秀夫使人收葬，以香为首，其坟因曰香头坟。予铭之曰：“天生沉檀，以为君首。血肉非香，乌鸢所有。斫以良工，其大如斗。玉粹金纯。黄泉不朽。”

白话

中文

香头坟，位于新宁县（今广东台山）境内。南宋末代皇帝赵昺乘船驻扎在厓门时，新宁县有一位名叫伍隆起的人，因为家族三代深受国家厚恩，认为不以死报国就无法回报，于是捐献了七千石米粮，并率领同乡百姓起来保卫（宋室）。当时叛将（原文“贼臣”，从南宋角度看）张弘范已经攻入广州，伍隆起奋勇抵抗，与元军作战多日也不气馁，却被他的部下谢子文暗中杀害，谢子文拿着伍隆起的人头投降了元军。丞相陆秀夫派人收殓安葬了伍隆起的无头尸身，用香木（沉香或檀香木）雕刻了一个头部来代替，因此这座坟墓就被称为“香头坟”。我（屈大均）为他作铭文道：“上天生出沉香和檀香木，来做为您的头颅。血肉之躯并不芳香，（死后）只会归于乌鸦和老鹰。由技艺精湛的工匠雕刻而成，大小如同量器的‘斗’一般。（这香木头颅）如同玉一样精粹，金一样纯净，即使在九泉之下也不会腐朽。”

英文

Xiang Tou Fen (Incense Head Tomb) is located within the borders of Xinning County (present-day Taishan, Guangdong). When the last emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Bing, anchored his boat at Ya Men, there was a man in Xinning named Wu Longqi. Believing that his family, having received profound favors from the state for three generations, could only repay this debt through death, he contributed 7,000 dan of rice and led his fellow villagers to defend the Song cause. At that time, the turncoat general (referred to as "traitorous minister" from the Song perspective) Zhang Hongfan had already entered Guangzhou. Wu Longqi bravely fought against the Yuan forces for many days without losing heart, but was secretly murdered by his subordinate, Xie Ziwen, who then surrendered to the Yuan with Wu's head. Prime Minister Lu Xiufu sent men to retrieve and bury Wu Longqi's headless body, using fragrant wood (such as agarwood or sandalwood) carved into the shape of a head to replace the missing one. Therefore, his tomb became known as "Xiang Tou Fen". I (Qu Dajun) wrote an inscription for him: "Heaven produced agarwood and sandalwood to serve as your head. Flesh and blood are not fragrant; they belong to crows and kites. Carved by a skilled artisan, its size is like a dou measure. Pure as jade, refined as gold. It shall not decay in the Yellow Springs (underworld)."

文化解读/分析

此条目记述了南宋末年一位地方义士伍隆起的悲壮事迹及其特殊墓葬“香头坟”的由来。

1. 忠义精神的彰显：伍隆起“三世受国厚恩，非死不报”的行为，体现了中国传统文化中“忠君报国”和“受人滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报”的伦理观念。在国难当头之际，他倾尽家财（“贡米七千石”）、组织乡勇奋起抵抗，展现了强烈的爱国情操和牺牲精神。
2. 悲剧性的结局与背叛：伍隆起的英勇抵抗最终未能成功，反而死于部下谢子文的暗杀和背叛。这不仅突显了个人命运在历史洪流中的无常与悲凉，也反映了王朝末世人心离散、忠奸并存的复杂局面。
3. “香头坟”的象征意义：用香木（沉香、檀香等名贵芳香木材）代替头颅进行安葬，是此事件中最具特色的细节。这一做法首先是为了保全尸身的完整性，符合中国传统的丧葬观念。更深层次地，香木的“香”象征着伍隆起忠义气节的“芬芳”流传后世，与肉身易朽形成对比。屈大均的铭文“血肉非香，乌鸢所有”、“玉粹金纯，黄泉不朽”正是强调了这一点，认为精神品格远比物质躯体更为重要和不朽。香木的贵重也体现了陆秀夫及后人对伍隆起义举的高度评价和尊重。
4. 地方历史与民间记忆：“香头坟”作为一处具体的历史遗迹（位于新宁县境），承载了南宋灭亡这一宏大历史事件在地方层面的具体印记和民间记忆。它将国家兴亡与地方人物的命运紧密联系起来，成为后人凭吊历史、进行爱国主义教育的载体。
5. 屈大均的寄托：屈大均作为明遗民，对此类忠烈事迹尤为关注。通过记录和铭赞伍隆起，他不仅保存了地方史料，更借此颂扬忠义、鞭挞叛逆，寄托了自己对故国的哀思和对民族气节的坚守。

关键词

香头坟, 伍隆起, 新宁, 台山, 厓山, 宋末帝, 陆秀夫, 张弘范, 南宋, 忠烈, 义士, 背叛, 谢子文, 墓葬, 香木, 沉香, 檀香, 屈大均, 广东新语