原文

虎头门

广州山有三路，分三门，而以大庾为大门。海亦有三路，分三门，而以虎头为大门。虎头者，天地之阳气所从入，刘安所谓阳门也。地体阳而用阴，海者地之宗，故祀南海神于虎头门之阴。门在广州南，大小虎两山相束，一石峰当中，下有一长石为门限，潮汐之所出入，东西二洋之所往来，以此为咽喉焉。出虎头咫尺，则万里天险，与诸番共之，诸番非表而吾非里也。大唐之地止乎此，然止而不止，天下山川之气亦止乎此，然止而不止。止者地之势，而不止者天之行也。自虎头而入为滥口，次曰大滥，又次曰二滥，至滥尾则为波罗之江。予家在其上，终岁间南风多而不大热，以海水盛也。北风多而不大寒，以山火盛也。盖得安居之乐焉。

白话

中文

虎头门（虎门）

进入广州府的陆路有三条主要通道，形成三个门户，而其中以大庾岭为最大的门户。海路同样也有三条主要航道，形成三个门户，而其中以虎头门（今虎门）为最大的门户。虎头门这个地方，是天地间的阳气由此进入之处，也就是淮南王刘安所说的“阳门”。大地的本体属阳，但其功用表现为阴；海洋是大地的本源宗主，所以祭祀南海神的庙宇（南海神庙，即波罗庙）设在虎头门的北面（阴面）。这道海门位于广州府的南面，由大虎山和小虎山两山束峙而成，中间有一座石峰耸立，下方有一条长石横亘，如同门槛一般。潮水从这里进出，东西方各海洋的船只往来，都必须经过这个咽喉要道。一出虎头门，近在咫尺的就是万里波涛的险恶海域，那是我们与海外诸国共享的空间，（在那里）不能简单地说外国就是外、中国就是内了。中原王朝（“大唐”泛指中国）的疆域到此为止，然而又似乎并未终止；天下山川的灵气也汇聚于此而止，然而又似乎并未停止。所谓停止，是地理形势造成的界限；而所谓不停止，则是天地运行（或天道、气运）的永恒流动。从虎头门向内进入，依次是滥口、大滥、二滥等地，到了滥尾就是波罗庙所在的江面（波罗之江）。我的家就在这片区域的上游附近，一年到头南风虽多但并不觉得酷热，这是因为靠近大海水气充足的缘故；北风虽多但也不觉得严寒，这是因为山中火力（可能指山林茂盛阳气足，或当地人用火取暖普遍）旺盛的缘故。大概因此能享受到安居生活的乐趣吧。

英文

Hutoumen (Tiger Head Gate / Humen / The Bogue)

There are three main land routes into Guangzhou Prefecture, forming three "gates," with the Dayu Ridge being the largest gate. Similarly, there are three main sea routes, forming three "gates," with Hutoumen (modern Humen, also known as the Bogue) being the largest gate. Hutoumen is the place where the yang energy of Heaven and Earth enters; it is what Liu An (King of Huainan) called the "Yang Gate." The fundamental nature of the Earth is yang, but its function manifests through yin. The sea is the origin and master ("ancestor") of the land, hence the temple for sacrificing to the South Sea God (Nanhai Shen Miao, or Boluo Temple) is located on the north (yin) side of Hutoumen. This sea gate lies south of Guangzhou Prefecture, constricted by the Greater Tiger (Da Hu Shan) and Lesser Tiger (Xiao Hu Shan) mountains. A stone peak stands in the middle, and below lies a long rock akin to a threshold (Menxian). Tides flow in and out here, and ships traveling between the Eastern and Western Oceans (referring broadly to maritime routes) must pass through this crucial choke point ("throat"). Just outside Hutoumen lies the vast and perilous open sea ("ten thousand li of natural danger"), a space shared with foreign lands ("Zhu Fan"). Out there, one cannot simply say that foreign lands are "outside" (Biao) and China is "inside" (Li). The territory of the "Great Tang" (a general term for China) ends here, yet it seems not to end. The vital energy (qi) of the world's mountains and rivers also converges and stops here, yet it seems not to stop. The stopping is due to the configuration of the land ("Di zhi Shi"); the not-stopping pertains to the ceaseless movement of Heaven ("Tian zhi Xing," cosmic operation or destiny). Entering inwards from Hutoumen, one passes Lankou, then Da Lan, then Er Lan, reaching Lanwei, which is the stretch of the river where the Boluo Temple stands (Boluo zhi Jiang). My home is located upstream in this region. Throughout the year, southerly winds are frequent, yet it doesn't feel excessively hot, owing to the abundance of sea water nearby. Northerly winds are also frequent, yet it doesn't feel severely cold, due to the prevalence of "mountain fires" (Shan huo - possibly referring to abundant mountain yang energy/vegetation, or widespread use of fire for warmth). It is likely because of this that I can enjoy the pleasure of peaceful living here.

文化解读/分析

本条目不仅描述了虎头门（虎门）的地理形胜和战略地位，更融入了深刻的哲学思考和个人体验，体现了屈大均融合地理、历史、哲学与个人情感的写作特色。

1. 地理与战略要冲：明确指出虎头门是进入广州的“海之大门”，地位堪比陆路的大庾岭。通过描述其“大小虎两山相束”、“一石峰当中”、“长石为门限”的险要地形，以及作为“潮汐出入”、“东西二洋往来”的“咽喉”，强调了其在交通和军事上的极端重要性。
2. 宇宙观与风水思想：屈大均将虎头门诠释为“天地之阳气所从入”的“阳门”，将地理空间纳入阴阳五行的宇宙图式中。这不仅赋予了虎头门一种神圣的、宇宙论的意义，也解释了南海神庙（波罗庙）为何建在其北（阴）面，体现了“地体阳而用阴”、“阴阳相济”的哲学思想和风水观念。
3. 国家疆界与世界联系的辩证思考：作者提出“大唐之地止乎此，然止而不止”的观点。虎头门是中国的地理边界，但海洋的开放性（“与诸番共之”）使得这个边界又是模糊和流动的，中国与外部世界在此连接。这种“止”与“不止”的辩证法，深刻揭示了海疆作为界限与通道的双重属性，以及中国与世界关系的复杂性。山川之气的“止而不止”进一步将此思考提升到形而上的层面。
4. 地方认同与个人情感：屈大均将宏大的地理和哲学叙事落脚于个人生活体验。他提到自己的家就在附近，并描述了当地受海洋和“山火”调节的温和气候，表达了对家乡“安居之乐”的满足感。这使得冰冷的地理记述充满了人情味，展现了作者对乡土的深厚情感。
5. 历史地理记录：条目记录了从虎头门到波罗庙一带的水道名称（滥口、大滥、二滥、滥尾、波罗之江），为研究珠江口的历史地理和水文变迁提供了宝贵资料。

关键词

虎头门, 虎门, 海门, 广州, 珠江口, 地理, 战略要地, 咽喉, 南海神庙, 波罗庙, 阴阳, 气, 风水, 阳门, 疆界, 海防, 海上交通, 屈大均, 广东新语, 气候, 安居乐业, 大小虎山