原文
甲子门,距海丰二百五十里,为甲子港口,有石六十,应甲子之数。又有奇石十八,屹立如人。宋承奉郎范良臣,常刻“登瀛”二字于石,取十八学士之义。景炎元年,端宗航海而至,良臣给军食三日,留帝像登瀛石上,今石中像端然临者,帝也,跪而进食者,良臣也。予铭其上云:“天留一石,以作天家。君臣遗影,苔蚀如霞。芜蒌之饭,化作琼沙。衔珠青鸟,以瘗重华。”
白话
中文
甲子门,距离海丰县二百五十里,是甲子港的出入口。那里有六十块礁石,正好对应了天干地支的甲子之数。另外还有十八块奇特的石头,像人一样矗立着。宋代担任承奉郎的范良臣,曾经在石头上刻了“登瀛”两个字,取唐太宗时十八学士登瀛洲的典故。南宋景炎元年(公元1276年),宋端宗赵昰乘船流亡到此,范良臣供给了皇帝军队三天的粮食。当时在登瀛石上留下了君臣的影像:如今石头上那个端坐面南的影像,就是端宗皇帝;那个跪着进献食物的影像,就是范良臣。我(屈大均)为此石作铭文说:“上天留下这块奇石,用来象征帝王之家。君主臣子的遗留影像,被苔藓侵蚀如同彩霞。当年那粗劣的饭食,(因忠义而)化作了美玉琼沙。希望有衔珠的青鸟,来此埋葬这位如舜帝般(颠沛流离)的君主。”
英文
Jiazi Men (Jiazi Gate/Entrance) is located 250 li from Haifeng County and serves as the entrance to Jiazi Port. There are sixty rocks there, corresponding to the number in the Jiazi (sexagenary) cycle. Additionally, there are eighteen peculiar rocks standing erect like human figures. Fan Liangchen, who served as a Gentleman for Attendance (Chengfeng Lang) during the Song Dynasty, once carved the two characters "Deng Ying" (Ascending Yingzhou) onto a rock, alluding to the tale of the Eighteen Scholars of the Tang Dynasty ascending the mythical Yingzhou isle. In the first year of the Jingyan era of the Southern Song Dynasty (1276 CE), Emperor Duanzong (Zhao Shi) arrived here by sea during his flight. Fan Liangchen supplied the emperor's army with food for three days. Images of the emperor and his subject were left on the Deng Ying rock: the image still visible today, sitting majestically facing south, is that of Emperor Duanzong; the one kneeling and presenting food is Fan Liangchen. I (Qu Dajun) composed an inscription for this rock, stating: "Heaven preserved this single stone, to represent the imperial house. The lingering images of lord and liege, eroded by moss resemble rosy clouds. The humble meal of Wulou rice, transformed into jade-like sands. May pearl-bearing blue birds come, to bury this Chonghua (Emperor Shun, metaphorically the Emperor Duanzong)."
文化解读/分析
此条目记述了粤东海丰县甲子港(今属陆丰市甲子镇)的地理特征与相关历史传说,蕴含着丰富的文化信息:
- 地名与堪舆观念:甲子门的地名来源与“六十石”对应“甲子之数”相关联,体现了中国传统文化中以天干地支解释自然现象、赋予地理景观象征意义的思维方式。
- 历史印记与忠义象征:核心内容是南宋末年宋端宗流亡至此,地方官员范良臣供奉军粮的历史事件。这一记载不仅补充了宋末皇帝海上流亡路线的具体细节,更重要的是,通过范良臣的“给军食”行为,颂扬了地方臣民在危难之际对正统王朝的忠诚。
- 传说与自然奇观的融合:“十八奇石”与范良臣所刻“登瀛”(取唐十八学士典故,寓意贤才汇聚之地)相结合,为该地增添了文人气息。而“留帝像登瀛石上”的传说,将自然石景(或经简单加工)人格化、历史化,使之成为承载君臣际遇的“活化石”。“帝”“良臣”的影像描述,将历史瞬间凝固于自然景观之上,成为可供凭吊的忠义象征物,具有浓厚的地方传说色彩和民俗信仰基础。
- 屈大均的遗民情怀与寄托:屈大均作为明末遗民,对此类宋末忠义故事尤为关注。他亲自为此石作铭,语言悲怆苍凉。“天留一石,以作天家”点明石头的象征意义;“芜蒌之饭,化作琼沙”将普通的供食行为升华为忠义的象征,价值堪比琼玉;末句“衔珠青鸟,以瘗重华”则化用神话典故(青鸟为西王母使者,重华指舜帝),表达了对颠沛流离、不幸殒命的宋端宗的深切同情与哀悼,也寄托了作者本人对故国(明朝)的哀思和对忠烈精神的崇敬。这篇铭文是屈大均遗民心态和文化立场的生动体现。
- 民俗价值:甲子门和登瀛石因这段历史传说而成为具有特殊意义的文化地标。围绕这一地标可能衍生出相关的纪念活动、民间故事流传以及对范良臣忠义行为的区域性崇拜,成为当地历史记忆和文化认同的一部分。
关键词
甲子门、甲子港、海丰、陆丰、六十石、十八奇石、范良臣、登瀛石、十八学士、宋端宗、景炎、南宋、海上流亡、忠君、屈大均、题铭、遗民情怀、地方传说