原文
崖门，在新会南，与汤瓶山对峙若天阙，故曰崖门。自广州视之，崖门西而虎门东，西为西江之所出，东为东北二江之所出，盖天所以分三江之势，而为南海之咽喉者也。宋末陆丞相、张太傅，以为天险可据，奉幼帝居之，连黄鹄、白鹞诸舰万余，而沉铁碇于江，时穷势尽，卒致君臣同溺。从之者十余万人，波涛之下，有神华在焉。山北有一奇石，书“镇国大将军张弘范灭宋于此”十二字。御史徐瑁恶之，命削去，改书“宋丞相陆秀夫死于此”九字。白沙先生谓当书“宋丞相陆秀夫负帝沉此石下”，瑁不能从。光禄郭棐谓，如白沙者，则君臣忠节胥备，其有关于世教更大。而予则欲书“大宋君臣正命于此”。凡八字，未知有当于书法否。
白话
中文
崖门，位于新会县南边，与汤瓶山相对峙立，好像天然的门阙，所以叫做崖门。从广州看去，崖门在西边而虎门在东边。西边是西江的出海口，东边是东江和北江汇合后的出海口。这大概是上天用来分开三江水势，并构成南海咽喉要道的地方。宋朝末年，丞相陆秀夫、太傅张世杰认为这里是天然险要之地可以据守，便护卫着年幼的皇帝驻扎在此。他们连接起黄鹄、白鹞等各种战船一万多艘，并将铁锚沉入江中（以示决一死战）。然而时运不济、大势已去，最终导致君臣一同溺亡于江中。跟随他们殉难的有十多万人，据说在波涛之下，有神异的光华显现。山北面有一块奇特的石头，上面刻着“镇国大将军张弘范灭宋于此”十二个字。御史徐瑁厌恶这刻字，命令将其削去，改刻为“宋丞相陆秀夫死于此”九个字。白沙先生（陈献章）认为应当刻“宋丞相陆秀夫负帝沉此石下”，但徐瑁没有听从。光禄寺卿郭棐认为，如果像白沙先生建议的那样刻字，那么君臣的忠烈节义就都体现出来了，这对世道教化的意义更大。而我（屈大均）则想刻上“大宋君臣正命于此”这八个字，不知道是否符合书写规范（或历史评价）呢？
英文
Yamen, located south of Xinhui County, stands opposite Tangping Mountain like a natural gate, hence its name. Viewed from Guangzhou, Yamen is to the west and Humen (Tiger Gate) to the east. The west marks the estuary of the West River, while the east serves as the combined estuary for the East and North Rivers. This seems to be the place designed by Heaven to divide the currents of the three rivers and form the strategic throat of the South China Sea. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Chancellor Lu Xiufu and Grand Tutor Zhang Shijie considered this a naturally defensible stronghold. They escorted the young emperor to station here, linking over ten thousand warships, including the Huanggu and Baiyao types, and sinking iron anchors into the river (signifying a fight to the death). However, facing desperate times and an irreversible situation, they ultimately perished together with their monarch, drowning in the river. Over one hundred thousand followers died alongside them. It is said that beneath the waves, a divine radiance appeared. North of the mountain, there is a peculiar rock inscribed with twelve characters: "Generalissimo Who Pacifies the Nation Zhang Hongfan Annihilated the Song Here." Censor Xu Mao detested this inscription, ordered its removal, and had it replaced with nine characters: "Song Chancellor Lu Xiufu Died Here." Master Baisha (Chen Xianzhang) suggested it should read: "Song Chancellor Lu Xiufu Sank Beneath This Rock Carrying the Emperor," but Xu Mao did not adopt this suggestion. Guo Fei, Minister of the Court of Imperial Entertainments, believed that Master Baisha's proposed inscription better encapsulated the loyalty and integrity of both the monarch and his subjects, holding greater significance for moral edification. As for myself (Qu Dajun), I would prefer to inscribe these eight characters: "Great Song Monarch and Subjects Met Their Rightful Fate Here." I wonder if this phrasing is appropriate according to the principles of writing (or historical judgment).
文化解读/分析
此条目记述了崖门（即今江门市新会区崖门镇）的地理形胜及其承载的重大历史事件——南宋末年的崖山海战。
- 地理与战略意义：屈大均首先点明崖门作为珠江三大出海口门之一（与虎门并列），是“三江之势”的分流处和“南海之咽喉”，强调了其地理位置的险要与战略价值，这也解释了为何宋末朝廷选择此处作为最后据点。
- 历史悲剧的见证：核心内容是记述宋末陆秀夫、张世杰等拥立幼帝在此抵抗元军，最终兵败，陆秀夫背负幼帝蹈海殉国，十余万军民随之殉难的悲壮史实。“时穷势尽，卒致君臣同溺”八字，饱含作者对故国覆亡的沉痛哀惋。提及“波涛之下，有神华在焉”，则为这一历史悲剧增添了些许悲壮和神异色彩，寄托了后人的哀思与想象。
- 历史评价与文化认同的焦点：条目后半段详细记述了后人围绕崖山奇石刻字的争论。从元将张弘范炫耀战功的“灭宋于此”，到明代御史徐瑁出于民族情感改刻为“陆秀夫死于此”，再到名儒陈献章（白沙先生）强调君臣忠义的“负帝沉此石下”，以及郭棐对此的赞同，最后到屈大均本人提出的“大宋君臣正命于此”。这一系列关于刻字内容的变迁与讨论，深刻反映了不同时代、不同立场的人们对于崖山之役性质、历史人物功过以及忠烈、气节、正统等核心价值观的理解与评价。屈大均作为明末遗民，其“正命”之说，既肯定了宋末君臣的忠烈殉国是合乎道义的归宿（得其正命），也可能隐含着对自身所处时代（清代）统治合法性的复杂态度，体现了深刻的遗民情结和华夷之辨的观念。
- 文化象征与集体记忆：崖门由此超越了单纯的地理概念，成为南宋王朝终结的标志性地点，是汉民族历史上忠烈精神的象征地之一。围绕此地的历史叙述、凭吊活动以及刻石文字的争论，共同构成了地方乃至民族集体记忆的重要组成部分，具有极高的历史文化价值。虽然原文未直接详述民俗活动，但崖门所承载的厚重历史，必然催生了相关的纪念、祭祀传统和民间传说，成为岭南文化中关于忠义、兴亡主题的重要载体。
关键词
崖门、新会、汤瓶山、虎门、西江、东江、北江、南海、宋末、崖山海战、陆秀夫、张世杰、宋少帝、张弘范、徐瑁、陈献章（白沙先生）、郭棐、屈大均、刻石、忠烈、正命、南宋灭亡