原文
陆贾初至南越,筑城于番禺西浒以待佗,名曰陆贾城。其遗基在郊西十里,地名西场,一曰西候津亭。出城凡度石长桥一、短桥二,乃至。予之生实在其地,所居前对龟峰,后枕花田,白鹅潭吞吐其西,白云山盘回其东。泉甘林茂,有荔支湾、花坞、藕塘之饶,盖贾之所尝经营者也。其汤沐在锦石之山,其魂魄或尝游此。予尝欲以宅地作贾祠,私俎豆之。
白话
中文
汉初陆贾初次出使南越国时,曾在番禺县(今广州)西边的水涯边修筑了一个小城(或临时驻地)来等待赵佗,这个地方被称为“陆贾城”。它的遗址在广州城西郊十里处,地名叫西场,也有个说法叫西候津亭。从广州城出来,要经过一座石长桥和两座石短桥才能到达。我(屈大均)就出生在那里,居住的地方前面正对着龟峰,后面依傍着花田(河南地区的素馨花田),西边是吞吐江水的白鹅潭,东边则有白云山蜿蜒盘绕。那里泉水甘甜,树木茂盛,有荔枝湾、花坞(花圃)、藕塘等富饶的物产,大概也是陆贾当年曾经经营过的地方吧。据说他的封地(或祭祀沐浴之地)在锦石山,他的魂魄或许也曾在这里游荡。我曾经想用自己住宅的土地建一座陆贾的祠堂,私下祭祀他。
英文
When Lu Jia first arrived in Nanyue during the early Han Dynasty, he built a small fort or temporary residence on the western edge/bank near Panyu (modern Guangzhou) to await Zhao Tuo, which became known as "Lu Jia Cheng" (Lu Jia's Fort/City). Its ruins are located ten li west of the city outskirts, in a place called Xichang (West Field), also known by some as Xihou Jinting (West Waiting Pavilion/Post). To reach it from Guangzhou city, one must cross one long stone bridge and two short stone bridges. I (Qu Dajun) was actually born there. My residence faced Gui Peak (Turtle Peak) in front and was backed by the Huatian (Flower Fields, likely the jasmine fields of Henan), with the Bai'etan (White Goose Pool/Tidal Flat) engulfing and releasing waters to the west, and Baiyun Mountain winding around to the east. The springs there are sweet, the forests lush, and it boasts the abundance of Litchi Bay, flower nurseries (Huawu), and lotus ponds (Outang). Perhaps this area was once developed or managed by Lu Jia himself. It is said his fief or ritual estate (Tangmu) was at Jinshi Mountain, and perhaps his spirit sometimes wanders here. I once wished to use my own residential land to build a shrine for Lu Jia, to offer sacrifices to him privately.
文化解读/分析
此条目记述了广州西郊“西场”的地理、历史和风物,并融入了作者屈大均的个人情感,具有以下文化意义:
- 历史地理与名人遗迹:将西场与汉代著名使臣陆贾联系起来,追溯其地名的可能来源(陆贾城)。这不仅为地方赋予了深厚的历史底蕴,也反映了陆贾作为沟通汉朝中央与南越国关键人物在岭南历史上的重要地位。将具体地点与重大历史事件(汉与南越的早期交往)相结合,是地方史志书写的常见方式。
- 作者的乡土情结:屈大均明确指出西场是自己的出生地(“予之生实在其地”),并饱含深情地描绘了家乡优美的自然环境(龟峰、花田、白鹅潭、白云山)和富饶的物产(泉甘林茂、荔支湾、花坞、藕塘)。这种细腻的描述不仅是地理风物记录,更流露出作者对故土的眷恋和自豪感。
- 历史想象与地方认同:作者推测西场今日的富饶可能与陆贾当年的经营有关(“盖贾之所尝经营者也”),并将陆贾的“魂魄”与此地联系起来。这种历史想象加强了地方与历史名人的关联,提升了地方的文化价值。屈大均甚至想自建祠堂私下祭祀陆贾,这体现了明清士人对前代贤哲的崇敬,以及将个人情感、家族或乡土荣誉与历史名人紧密结合的文化心理。
- 风水与人居环境:对西场环境“前对龟峰,后枕花田,白鹅潭吞吐其西,白云山盘回其东”的描述,暗含了中国传统风水文化中对理想人居环境(依山傍水、环境优美、物产丰富)的追求和赞美。
- 民俗信仰的潜在体现:虽然主要是个人意愿,但屈大均欲建祠私祭陆贾的想法,也触及了地方性的名人崇拜和祭祀习俗。将历史人物视为地方守护神或精神象征,并通过祭祀活动来维系地方认同和历史记忆,是民间信仰和习俗的重要组成部分。
总而言之,“西场”条目融合了历史考证、地理描绘、个人记忆和乡土情感,展现了特定地点如何承载历史信息、凝聚地方认同,并反映了作者本人的文化观念和对乡土先贤的崇敬之情。
关键词
西场, 陆贾, 陆贾城, 西候津亭, 广州西郊, 屈大均故居, 汉代, 南越国, 赵佗, 龟峰, 花田, 白鹅潭, 白云山, 荔枝湾, 祠堂, 祭祀, 名人崇拜, 乡土情结, 地理风物, 《广东新语》