原文

明制科，以全作五经题中式者，仅有二人。其一为福建颜茂猷，颜中甲子乡试，时监察御史止誊录其本经，至甲戌会试，颜仍全作五经题。知贡举者左宗伯林某疏闻，奉旨，今其该博，准与誊录。主司不知上属意，以置乙榜之首。撤场后，宗伯陈公子壮，具揭代请，上准与廷试，取其墨卷进览，命会试录另为一项，列于正榜之前，廷试二甲第二，此异数也。其一为广东王鸣雷，乙酉乡试，以全作五经题，中式第八十四名，居榜之末，榜之末，其犹乙榜之首欤。

白话

中文

明朝的科举制度中，凭借将五经的题目全部作答而考中的人，只有两个。其中一个是福建的颜茂猷。颜茂猷在甲子年的乡试中考中，当时负责誊录试卷的监察御史只誊录了他专攻的那部经书的答卷。到了甲戌年的会试，颜茂猷仍然将五经的题目全部作答了。主持考试的左宗伯（礼部左侍郎）林某上疏报告了这件事，皇帝下旨，称赞颜茂猷学识广博，准许将其所有答卷都誊录。但主考官不知道皇帝的意思，把他放在了乙榜（副榜）的第一名。考试结束后，宗伯陈公的儿子陈子壮，上奏章替颜茂猷请求，皇帝批准他参加廷试，并调取他的试卷批阅，下令在会试录取名册中单独列出一项，放在正榜的前面。廷试后，颜茂猷被赐予二甲第二名，这是一种特殊的恩遇。另一个是广东的王鸣雷，他在乙酉年的乡试中，也凭借将五经题目全部作答而考中，名列第八十四名，排在榜末。榜末这个位置，大概就如同（颜茂猷曾被置于的）乙榜之首那样（虽排名不高但同样特殊）吧。

英文

In the imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty, only two individuals were recorded to have passed by answering questions from all Five Classics. One was Yan Maoyou from Fujian. Yan passed the provincial examination in the Jiazi year (e.g., 1624). At that time, the supervising Censor only transcribed his answers for his primary classic. When it came to the metropolitan examination in the Jiaxu year (e.g., 1634), Yan again answered questions from all Five Classics. The official in charge of the examination, Left Vice Minister of Rites Lin (surname), reported this in a memorial to the throne. The Emperor issued a decree, praising Yan's broad knowledge and permitting all his answers to be transcribed. However, the chief examiner, unaware of the Emperor's intention, placed him at the top of the secondary list (Yi Bang). After the examination concluded, Chen Zizhuang, son of Minister Chen, submitted a petition on Yan's behalf. The Emperor granted permission for Yan to participate in the palace examination, reviewed his examination papers, and ordered a separate entry for him in the metropolitan examination records, placed before the main list. In the palace examination, Yan was ranked second in the second class (Er Jia), which was a special favor. The other individual was Wang Minglei from Guangdong. In the provincial examination of the Yiyou year (e.g., 1645), he also passed by answering questions from all Five Classics, ranking eighty-fourth, at the bottom of the list. Being at the bottom of the list was perhaps comparable to being at the top of the secondary list (like Yan Maoyou initially was).

文化解读/分析

此条目记述了明代科举考试中的两例特殊情况，即考生“全作五经题”而中式。“五经”指《诗》、《书》、《礼》、《易》、《春秋》，是儒家核心经典。明代科举通常要求考生专攻一经（本经），能够将五经题目全部作答并考中，显示了考生极为渊博的儒学功底，远超普通要求。

颜茂猷的例子凸显了当时科举制度中存在的特殊裁量空间和皇权的决定性作用。他虽因“全作五经题”的博学得到皇帝认可，却先被主考官置于乙榜（相当于备取或副榜），后经他人代请和皇帝特批，才得以进入正榜并参加最高级别的廷试，最终获得优异名次（二甲第二），被视为“异数”（特殊待遇）。这反映了超常才能有时需要特殊途径才能获得承认。

广东人王鸣雷是另一位“全作五经题”中式者，他在乡试中名列榜末。作者屈大均将其与颜茂猷曾居乙榜之首的情况相提并论，暗示虽然王鸣雷名次靠后，但其学识和通过“全作五经题”中式的特殊性，使其虽处榜末亦属难能可贵，具有与颜茂猷类似的特殊意义。将广东的王鸣雷与福建的颜茂猷并列记述，也体现了作者对广东本地人才的关注和表彰。

总而言之，该条目通过两个特例，展示了明代科举制度对博学之才的某种特殊认可方式，同时也反映了科举过程中的复杂性、偶然性以及地域人才的涌现。

关键词

科举, 明朝, 五经, 中式, 颜茂猷, 王鸣雷, 广东, 福建, 乡试, 会试, 廷试, 乙榜, 异数, 屈大均