原文

永安俗尚师巫，人有病，辄以八字问巫。巫始至，破一鸡卵，视其中黄白若何，以知其病之轻重。轻则以酒馔禳之，重则画神像于堂，巫作姣好女子，吹牛角鸣锣而舞，以花竿荷一鸡而歌。其舞曰赎魂之舞，曰破胎之舞，歌曰鸡歌，曰暖花歌。暖花者，凡男婴儿有病，巫则以五彩团结群花环之，使亲串各指一花以祝。祝已而歌，是曰暖花。巫自刳其臂血以涂符，是曰显阳。七月七夕，则童子过关。十四夕，则迎先祖，男子或结场度水，受白牒黄诰。妇人或请仙姐，施舍钗钿。仙姐与女巫不同，女巫以男子为之，仙姐以瞽人之妇为之，山深谷邃，淫昏之鬼或凭藉以为祸福，未可知。县令尝厉禁之，然其根株深固，未能剪除二三也。

白话

中文

永安县（今广东紫金县）的风俗崇尚巫师。人们生病了，总是拿着生辰八字去询问巫师。巫师刚到时，会打碎一个鸡蛋，观察里面的蛋黄和蛋清的形态，以此来判断病情的轻重。病情轻的，就用酒食举行禳解仪式来消除灾祸；病情重的，就在厅堂绘制神像，巫师（通常为男性）打扮成美貌女子的样子，吹着牛角，敲着锣，一边跳舞，一边用装饰着花朵的竹竿挑着一只鸡唱歌。跳的舞叫做“赎魂之舞”、“破胎之舞”（意指解除对胎儿的诅咒或不利影响），唱的歌叫做“鸡歌”、“暖花歌”。所谓“暖花”，是指凡是男婴生病时，巫师就用五彩丝线把各种花朵系在一起做成花环围着婴儿，让亲戚们各自指着一朵花为婴儿祝福。祝福完毕后唱歌，这就叫做“暖花”。巫师还会自己割破手臂，用流出的血来涂抹符咒，这叫做“显阳”。到了七月初七（七夕），则有为儿童举行的“过关”仪式（一种祈求平安成长的仪式）。七月十四的晚上，则举行迎接祖先的仪式，男子们有时会设立坛场作法事超度亡魂（结场度水），接受象征性的“白牒黄诰”（道教仪式中颁给亡魂的凭证）。女人们有时会请“仙姐”（由盲眼妇女扮演或通灵的女性神灵）降临，并施舍发簪、钿盒等物品。请“仙姐”和前述的（男扮女装的）巫师是不同的：那种跳舞唱歌的巫师是由男性扮演的；而充当“仙姐”的则是盲人的妻子（或盲眼妇女）。（作者认为）在深山幽谷之中，那些淫邪昏暗的鬼怪或许会凭借这些巫术降下灾祸或赐予福祉，这很难说清楚。县令曾经严厉禁止这些巫术活动，但是它们根基深厚牢固，未能铲除十之二三。

英文

In Yong'an County (present-day Zijin County, Guangdong), customs revere shamans (Wu). When people fall ill, they invariably consult a shaman using their "Eight Characters" (birth date and time). Upon arrival, the shaman breaks an egg and observes the yolk and white to determine the severity of the illness. For mild cases, a ritual using wine and food is performed to avert misfortune (Rangjie). For severe cases, an image of a deity is painted in the main hall, and the shaman (often a man dressed as a beautiful woman) blows an ox horn, beats a gong, dances, and sings while carrying a chicken on a flower-adorned bamboo pole. The dances are called the "Soul Redemption Dance" and the "Breaking the Womb Curse Dance" (implying removal of curses or ill effects on a fetus/infant). The songs are called the "Chicken Song" and the "Warming the Flowers Song" (Nuan Hua). "Warming the Flowers" refers to a ritual for a sick male infant: the shaman encircles the baby with a ring of various flowers tied together with colorful threads, and has relatives each point to a flower and offer blessings. Singing follows the blessings; this is called "Nuan Hua". The shaman also cuts their own arm to smear blood onto talismans; this is called "Xian Yang" (Revealing the Yang). On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month (Qixi Festival), there is a "Passing the Gate" (Guo Guan) ceremony for children (a rite for safe growth). On the evening of the fourteenth day of the seventh month (eve of the Ghost Festival), ancestors are welcomed. Men sometimes set up ritual arenas to perform ceremonies for saving souls (Jie Chang Du Shui) and receive symbolic "white documents and yellow edicts" (Taoist credentials for the deceased). Women sometimes invite "Immortal Sisters" (Xian Jie, female deities channeled, often by blind women) and offer hairpins and ornaments as donations. Inviting "Immortal Sisters" differs from the aforementioned shaman: the dancing and singing shaman is performed by a man, while the role of the "Immortal Sister" medium is taken by a blind woman (or the wife of a blind man). (The author opines that) in the deep mountains and secluded valleys, licentious and dark spirits might use these practices to dispense fortune or misfortune, it is uncertain. The county magistrate has attempted to strictly prohibit these practices, but their roots are deep and firm, and not even two or three tenths could be eliminated.

文化解读/分析

“永安崇巫”条目详细记述了清初广东永安县（今紫金县）盛行的巫术信仰和相关仪式活动，具有重要的民俗学和地方史研究价值。

1. 巫术在地方社会的普遍性与功能: 该记录显示巫术深度融入当地人的日常生活，尤其是在医疗方面。从生病问巫、以鸡蛋占卜病情轻重，到针对不同病情施行的禳解、歌舞、献祭（鸡）、符咒（血符）等治疗仪式，巫师扮演了重要的民间医生和精神慰藉者的角色。
2. 仪式的多样性与象征意义: 文中描述了多种具体仪式，如“赎魂”、“破胎”、“暖花”、“显阳”、“过关”、“度水”、“请仙姐”等，涉及生命的不同阶段（婴儿、儿童）、不同性别（男女分工）和特定节日（七夕、七月十四）。这些仪式各有象征意义，如“暖花”通过鲜花和亲属祝福保护男婴，“显阳”以巫师自身精血增强符咒力量，“过关”象征儿童成长过程中的关煞跨越，“度水”与亡灵超度有关。
3. 巫师角色的性别特征: 条目特别区分了两种巫师形态：一种是由男性扮演美貌女子进行歌舞、献祭和施符的巫师；另一种是由盲眼妇女充当媒介、通灵“仙姐”的女巫。这揭示了地方巫术实践中复杂的性别扮演和分工现象。
4. 官方态度与民间信仰的张力: 屈大均记录了官方（县令）试图“厉禁”这些巫术活动，但承认其“根株深固”，难以清除。这反映了明清时期官方意识形态（儒家）与地方民间信仰（巫术）之间持续存在的紧张关系，以及国家权力在基层社会渗透的局限性。作者本人对这些巫术的效力持怀疑态度，并暗示其可能被邪灵利用（“淫昏之鬼或凭藉以为祸福”）。
5. 历史与文化价值: 该条目为研究岭南地区，特别是客家地区（永安/紫金为客家聚居区）的民间信仰、巫术传统、生命礼仪、节日习俗以及官民关系提供了珍贵的第一手资料。

关键词

永安崇巫, 广东新语, 屈大均, 民俗, 永安, 紫金, 巫术, 师巫, 民间信仰, 医疗巫术, 占卜, 禳解, 赎魂, 破胎, 暖花, 鸡歌, 显阳, 血符, 过关, 七夕, 迎祖, 度水, 仙姐, 女巫, 盲人, 性别角色, 官方禁止, 清代, 岭南文化, 客家文化