原文
终养
东莞林公烈，以户部郎督赋江西，奉其父大桥公以行。或曰：“故事，使者不随家。”公曰：“吾岂以三公易一日之养哉。”已而大桥公卒于行署，公得视饭含，人始叹服。香山黄公佐，督学广西，闻母疾，即日疏乞致仕。方校《士怀集》，弃官竟归。南海伦公以训，年十五举乡试第七人，年十九会试第一，殿试第二，授编修。予告毕姻，遂侍母者七年，会兄御史公以谅告归养，公乃出而供职。后官南京祭酒，迎养太恭人邸中。一日太恭人有归志，即上疏奉板舆归。弟以诜，年十八举进士，官至武选郎中。例请归养，亦遂不复出。或讽之，则曰：“隐居以求其志，吾盖遵孔子法也。”海阳林公大钦，廷试第一，授编修，寻以母老乞归。东莞陈公建，为教谕数年，擢阳信知县，以母老告归。东莞刘公存业，举进士一甲第二，授编修，简充经筵官。未四载，疏乞归养。时功令非六年不得请，孝宗以其至孝，特诏许之，后以母命趋朝，逾年复上疏乞归。孝宗循览其疏改容，复许之。逾七年，武宗登极，趋赴阙，复充经筵官，纂修孝庙实录。公不获已，垂涕行，遂卒于官。之数公者，皆岭峤伟人，其道可以济天下，才可以致公卿，乃以养亲为念，脱屣轩冕，是真可以为世之贪位而忘亲者之针砭也哉。
白话
中文
东莞人林烈，以户部郎中的身份到江西督办税务，带着他的父亲大桥公一同前往。有人说：“按照规定，官员外出公干不能带家属。”林烈回答说：“我难道会为了三公那样的高位而放弃哪怕一天奉养父亲的机会吗？”不久，大桥公在官署去世，林烈得以亲自为父亲办理含殓等事宜，人们这才赞叹佩服他。香山人黄佐，在广西担任督学，听闻母亲生病，当天就上疏请求辞官归乡。当时他正在校对《士怀集》，也毅然放弃，最终回乡侍奉母亲。南海人伦以训，十五岁考中举人（乡试第七名），十九岁通过会试（第一名）和殿试（第二名），考中进士，被授予翰林院编修的官职。他请假回家完婚后，就在家侍奉母亲长达七年。等到他的哥哥、担任御史的伦以谅也告假回乡奉养母亲时，伦以训才出仕任职。后来他担任南京国子监祭酒，将母亲（太恭人）接到官邸奉养。有一天，母亲想要回乡，他立刻上疏请求辞官，亲自用轻便的竹轿送母亲回家。他的弟弟伦以诜，十八岁考中进士，官至兵部武选司郎中。按照规定申请回家奉养父母后，就再也没有出来做官。有人劝说他，他则说：“隐居起来是为了实现自己的志向，我这是遵循孔子的教诲啊。”海阳人林大钦，在殿试中考取第一名（状元），被授予翰林院编修，不久后因为母亲年迈而请求辞官回乡。东莞人陈建，担任教谕几年后，升任阳信县知县，因为母亲年迈而告老还乡。东莞人刘存业，考中进士一甲第二名（榜眼），被授予翰林院编修，并被选为经筵官。任职不到四年，就上疏请求回乡奉养母亲。当时的规定是任职不满六年不能提出此请求，但明孝宗因为他极为孝顺，特别下诏批准了。后来奉母亲之命再次入朝为官，过了一年又上疏请求回乡。孝宗皇帝看了他的奏疏后深受感动，面色动容，再次批准了他。又过了七年，明武宗即位，刘存业奉召入京，再次担任经筵官，参与编纂《孝宗实录》。他迫不得已，流着泪启程，最终在任上病逝。这几位先生，都是岭南地区的杰出人物，他们的德行足以造福天下，才能足以位列公卿，却都把奉养双亲放在心上，视高官厚禄如敝屣。这真的可以作为那些贪恋权位而忘记父母之人的警示啊！
英文
Lin Lie of Dongguan, serving as a Ministry of Revenue Director supervising taxation in Jiangxi, brought his father, Lord Daqiao, along with him. Someone remarked, "According to regulations, officials on assignment do not travel with family." Lin replied, "How could I exchange even a single day of caring for my father for the highest official ranks like the Three Excellencies?" Soon after, Lord Daqiao passed away at the official residence, and Lin was able to personally attend to the funeral rites, including placing items in the mouth of the deceased. Only then did people sigh in admiration and respect. Huang Zuo of Xiangshan, serving as Education Inspector in Guangxi, heard his mother was ill and immediately submitted a memorial requesting resignation that very day. He was in the process of proofreading the "Shi Huai Ji" collection but abandoned the task and ultimately returned home to care for her. Lun Yixun of Nanhai passed the provincial examination at age fifteen (ranking seventh) and the metropolitan examination (first place) and palace examination (second place) at nineteen, becoming a Jinshi and appointed as a Hanlin Academy Compiler. After taking leave to marry, he stayed home to attend to his mother for seven years. Only when his elder brother, Censor Lun Yiliang, also took leave to return home for parental care did Lun Yixun take up his official post. Later, while serving as Libationer of the National University in Nanjing, he brought his mother (honored as Taigongren) to live with him at his official residence. One day, when his mother expressed a wish to return home, he immediately submitted a memorial and personally escorted her back in a light bamboo sedan chair. His younger brother, Lun Yishen, became a Jinshi at eighteen and served as a Director in the Bureau of Military Appointments, Ministry of War. After requesting leave for parental care according to regulations, he never returned to office. When someone advised him otherwise, he replied, "Living in seclusion to pursue one's ideals – I am merely following the teachings of Confucius." Lin Daqin of Haiyang, who ranked first in the palace examination (Zhuangyuan) and was appointed a Hanlin Academy Compiler, soon requested to return home due to his mother's old age. Chen Jian of Dongguan, after serving as an instructor for several years, was promoted to Magistrate of Yangxin County but resigned to return home because of his mother's advanced age. Liu Cunye of Dongguan, ranked second in the first tier of the Jinshi examination (Bangyan), was appointed a Hanlin Academy Compiler and selected as an Expositor-in-Waiting at court. After less than four years, he submitted a memorial requesting leave to return home for parental care. At the time, regulations stipulated one could not request such leave before completing six years of service, but Emperor Xiaozong, moved by his profound filial piety, issued a special edict granting permission. Later, obeying his mother's command, he returned to court. After a year, he again submitted a memorial requesting leave to return home. Emperor Xiaozong, reading his memorial with a changed, moved expression, granted permission once more. Seven years later, upon Emperor Wuzong's ascension, Liu Cunye was summoned to the capital, again serving as an Expositor-in-Waiting and participating in compiling the "Veritable Records of Emperor Xiaozong." Compelled to go, he departed in tears and eventually died while in office. These gentlemen were all outstanding figures from the Lingnan region. Their virtues could have benefited the world, and their talents could have earned them the highest positions. Yet, they prioritized caring for their parents, casting aside official rank and privilege like worn-out shoes. This truly serves as a corrective warning (like an acupuncture needle) for those in the world who covet position and forget their parents!
文化解读/分析
本条目集中体现了中国传统文化，尤其是儒家思想中“孝”的核心地位。“终养”意指子女奉养父母直至去世，是孝道的重要实践。文中所记述的林烈、黄佐、伦以训兄弟、林大钦、陈建、刘存业等人，均为清代广东地区的显宦或极具潜力的士人（多人为进士及第，甚至位列鼎甲），但他们都将奉养父母视为高于仕途追求的责任。
这些事例展现了：
- 孝道的至上性：在个人前程、功名利禄与赡养父母的责任发生冲突时，这些岭南精英选择了后者，甚至不惜违背“故事”（惯例规定）或放弃高官厚禄（“脱屣轩冕”）。林烈“吾岂以三公易一日之养哉”的言论，以及伦以训、刘存业等人多次辞官或乞归，都凸显了孝道在他们价值观中的优先地位。
- “终养”的实践：不仅仅是提供物质供养，更包括亲身陪伴和照料。林烈坚持携父上任，黄佐闻母病即刻弃官，伦以训侍母七年并亲自送母还乡，都体现了亲力亲为的孝养实践。
- 社会楷模作用：屈大均记录这些事迹，旨在树立道德榜样，用这些“岭峤伟人”的行为，“针砭”那些“贪位而忘亲者”，具有明确的教化意义。这反映了明清社会，尤其是在受儒家文化影响深厚的广东地区，对孝道的推崇和强调。
- 制度与人情：刘存业的故事特别展示了制度（任满六年方可乞归）与人情（皇帝因其“至孝”而特许）之间的互动。虽然有规定，但极致的孝行有时能得到统治者的认可和变通，进一步强化了孝道的社会价值。
总而言之，“终养”条目通过一系列广东籍官员的实例，生动展示了传统孝道观念如何深刻影响古代士人的行为选择，是研究明清时期岭南社会风尚、伦理观念及官员群体价值观的重要材料。
关键词
终养, 孝, 孝道, 侍亲, 养老, 屈大均, 广东新语, 事语, 清代, 明代 (刘存业事涉明孝宗、武宗), 广东, 岭南, 东莞, 香山, 南海, 海阳, 林烈, 黄佐, 伦以训, 伦以诜, 林大钦, 陈建, 刘存业, 官员, 致仕, 辞官, 乞归, 儒家思想, 家庭伦理, 民俗, 社会风尚